2020 金管局英语阅读 · 词汇 → 句型 → 原文译文
顺序说明：先看本篇词汇（含 20 道题干与选项中的词），再看句型句式，最后读原文译文；题目与答案随每篇放在译文之后 词汇口径：4 篇原文＋20 题的实词去重，按篇内出现次数降序，共 668 个；虚词（the/of/to 等）不列 配套：全量词表
词汇表-全量释义.md｜总索引00-总索引.md
一、本篇词汇（668 个）
| 词 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| financial | 21 | 财政的；金融的 |
| firms | 19 | 公司（复数） |
| high-speed | 16 | 高速的 |
| education | 12 | 教育 |
| stock | 12 | 股票；库存 |
| trading | 12 | 交易（动名词） |
| world | 12 | 世界 |
| environment | 10 | 环境 |
| market | 10 | 市场 |
| new | 9 | 新的 |
| markets | 8 | 市场（复数） |
| problems | 8 | 问题（复数） |
| students | 8 | 学生（复数） |
| sugar | 8 | 糖 |
| taxation | 8 | 征税 |
| one | 7 | 一个；一 |
| according | 6 | 根据（according to） |
| decisions | 6 | 决定（复数） |
| food | 6 | 食物 |
| industry | 6 | 行业；工业 |
| prices | 6 | 价格（复数） |
| profits | 6 | 利润（复数） |
| approach | 5 | 方法；接近 |
| author | 5 | 作者 |
| investors | 5 | 投资者（复数） |
| make | 5 | 使；制造 |
| many | 5 | 许多 |
| products | 5 | 产品（复数） |
| salt | 5 | 盐 |
| alcohol | 4 | 酒精 |
| available | 4 | 可获得的 |
| consumption | 4 | 消费 |
| decline | 4 | 下降 |
| financial-literacy | 4 | 财商 |
| healthy | 4 | 健康的 |
| obesity | 4 | 肥胖 |
| paragraph | 4 | 段落 |
| percent | 4 | 百分之…… |
| place | 4 | 地方；放置 |
| pressure | 4 | 压力 |
| price | 4 | 价格 |
| real | 4 | 真实的 |
| response | 4 | 回应 |
| rise | 4 | 上升 |
| tobacco | 4 | 烟草 |
| traditional | 4 | 传统的 |
| trend | 4 | 趋势 |
| well | 4 | 好；很好地 |
| year | 4 | 年 |
| always | 3 | 总是 |
| become | 3 | 变成 |
| companies | 3 | 公司（复数） |
| courses | 3 | 课程（复数） |
| data | 3 | 数据 |
| don | 3 | （do 的否定缩写残留，忽略） |
| evidence | 3 | 证据 |
| example | 3 | 例子 |
| found | 3 | 发现（find 过去式）；建立 |
| good | 3 | 好的；利益 |
| government | 3 | 政府 |
| health | 3 | 健康 |
| high | 3 | 高的 |
| huge | 3 | 巨大的 |
| last | 3 | 最后的；持续 |
| life | 3 | 生活；生命 |
| like | 3 | 像；喜欢 |
| long-term | 3 | 长期的 |
| longer | 3 | 更久 |
| looked | 3 | 看（look 过去式） |
| made | 3 | 制造（make 过去式） |
| making | 3 | 制造（动名词） |
| now | 3 | 现在 |
| population | 3 | 人口 |
| profitable | 3 | 有利可图的 |
| public | 3 | 公共的；公众 |
| putting | 3 | 放置（动名词） |
| recently | 3 | 最近 |
| resources | 3 | 资源（复数） |
| risen | 3 | 上升（rise 过去分词） |
| said | 3 | 说（say 过去式） |
| school | 3 | 学校 |
| social | 3 | 社会的 |
| solution | 3 | 解决办法 |
| sources | 3 | 来源（复数） |
| spending | 3 | 支出 |
| taxing | 3 | 征税（动名词） |
| think | 3 | 思考 |
| time | 3 | 时间；次数 |
| traders | 3 | 交易员（复数） |
| way | 3 | 方式；道路 |
| whether | 3 | 是否 |
| years | 3 | 年（复数） |
| adam | 2 | 亚当（人名） |
| affected | 2 | 受影响的 |
| ago | 2 | 以前 |
| agree | 2 | 同意 |
| alex | 2 | 亚历克斯（人名） |
| alternative | 2 | 替代方案 |
| americans | 2 | 美国人（复数） |
| amount | 2 | 数量；金额 |
| ariel | 2 | 阿里尔（人名） |
| avoiding | 2 | 避免（动名词） |
| bad | 2 | 坏的 |
| becoming | 2 | 变得（动名词） |
| best | 2 | 最好的 |
| better | 2 | 更好的 |
| border | 2 | 边境 |
| bullet | 2 | 子弹（silver bullet 万灵药） |
| centuries | 2 | 世纪（复数） |
| century | 2 | 世纪 |
| change | 2 | 变化；改变 |
| connections | 2 | 连接（复数） |
| consider | 2 | 考虑 |
| consumers | 2 | 消费者（复数） |
| costa | 2 | 科斯塔（姓氏） |
| countries | 2 | 国家（复数） |
| crisis | 2 | 危机 |
| crop | 2 | 作物 |
| curriculum | 2 | 课程体系 |
| danish | 2 | 丹麦的 |
| decade | 2 | 十年 |
| declining | 2 | 下降的 |
| doing | 2 | 做（动名词） |
| downwards | 2 | 向下 |
| drinks | 2 | 饮料（复数） |
| efforts | 2 | 努力（复数） |
| emotions | 2 | 情绪（复数） |
| encouraging | 2 | 鼓励（动名词） |
| environmental | 2 | 环境的 |
| every | 2 | 每一个 |
| experimental | 2 | 实验的 |
| farming | 2 | 农业；耕作 |
| find | 2 | 发现；找到 |
| firm | 2 | 公司；坚定的 |
| first | 2 | 第一；首先 |
| fish | 2 | 鱼 |
| following | 2 | 接下来的 |
| foods | 2 | 食品（复数） |
| germany | 2 | 德国 |
| given | 2 | 鉴于；给定的 |
| growing | 2 | 增长的 |
| high-powered | 2 | 高性能的 |
| improve | 2 | 改善 |
| influence | 2 | 影响 |
| influences | 2 | 影响（复数） |
| innovation | 2 | 创新 |
| interest | 2 | 兴趣；利息；利益 |
| investing | 2 | 投资（动名词） |
| kids | 2 | 孩子（复数） |
| know-how | 2 | 知识；技能 |
| learn | 2 | 学习 |
| lessons | 2 | 教训（复数） |
| limit | 2 | 限制 |
| list | 2 | 清单；列出 |
| live | 2 | 生活；居住 |
| local | 2 | 本地的 |
| lot | 2 | 大量 |
| machines | 2 | 机器（复数） |
| mainly | 2 | 主要地 |
| make-up | 2 | 构成 |
| material | 2 | 材料 |
| mike | 2 | 迈克（人名） |
| money | 2 | 钱；货币 |
| movement | 2 | 运动 |
| nation | 2 | 国家 |
| national | 2 | 国家的 |
| natural | 2 | 自然的 |
| need | 2 | 需要 |
| needed | 2 | 需要的 |
| needs | 2 | 需求（复数） |
| operate | 2 | 运转 |
| order | 2 | 顺序；命令；秩序 |
| outside | 2 | 外面 |
| oversight | 2 | 监督 |
| past | 2 | 过去的；过去 |
| peers | 2 | 同龄人（复数） |
| people | 2 | 人们 |
| peter | 2 | 彼得（人名） |
| popular | 2 | 流行的；受欢迎的 |
| presence | 2 | 存在；出席 |
| probably | 2 | 可能 |
| problem | 2 | 问题 |
| profit | 2 | 利润 |
| radical | 2 | 彻底的 |
| reasons | 2 | 原因（复数） |
| regulators | 2 | 监管者（复数） |
| research | 2 | 研究 |
| result | 2 | 结果 |
| reversal | 2 | 逆转 |
| run | 2 | 运行；经营 |
| say | 2 | 说 |
| sheden | 2 | 谢登（姓氏） |
| silver | 2 | 银色的 |
| skills | 2 | 技能（复数） |
| small | 2 | 小的 |
| smith | 2 | 斯密（姓氏） |
| software | 2 | 软件 |
| sort | 2 | 种类 |
| starting | 2 | 开始（动名词） |
| struggling | 2 | 挣扎（动名词） |
| study | 2 | 研究；学习 |
| success | 2 | 成功 |
| supply | 2 | 供应 |
| supporters | 2 | 支持者（复数） |
| swift | 2 | 迅速的 |
| take | 2 | 拿；花费；采取 |
| takes | 2 | 需要（第三人称单数） |
| tasty | 2 | 美味的 |
| taught | 2 | 教（teach 过去式） |
| tax | 2 | 税 |
| technical | 2 | 技术的 |
| technological | 2 | 技术的 |
| technology | 2 | 技术 |
| things | 2 | 事情（复数） |
| trader | 2 | 交易员 |
| true | 2 | 真的；真实的 |
| two | 2 | 二 |
| ways | 2 | 方式（复数） |
| work | 2 | 工作；起作用 |
| worse | 2 | 更糟 |
| abandoned | 1 | 废止（过去分词） |
| account | 1 | 账户；解释 |
| accounts | 1 | 账户（复数）；占 |
| accurate | 1 | 准确的 |
| action | 1 | 行动 |
| active | 1 | 活跃的 |
| actually | 1 | 实际上 |
| adapt | 1 | 适应 |
| add | 1 | 加入 |
| adding | 1 | 增加（动名词） |
| adjust | 1 | 调整 |
| adjusting | 1 | 调整（动名词） |
| advantage | 1 | 优势 |
| advocate | 1 | 主张 |
| affect | 1 | 影响 |
| afford | 1 | 负担得起 |
| afraid | 1 | 害怕的 |
| agreed | 1 | 同意（过去式） |
| allow | 1 | 允许 |
| almost | 1 | 几乎 |
| alumni | 1 | 校友（复数） |
| ambitious | 1 | 宏大的 |
| american | 1 | 美国的；美国人 |
| amid | 1 | 在……之中 |
| another | 1 | 另一个 |
| apart | 1 | 分开 |
| approaches | 1 | 方法（复数） |
| argued | 1 | 主张（argue 过去式） |
| arise | 1 | 出现 |
| around | 1 | 周围；大约 |
| assisted | 1 | 得到帮助（过去分词） |
| attitude | 1 | 态度 |
| automated | 1 | 自动化的 |
| avoid | 1 | 避免 |
| balance | 1 | 平衡 |
| bank | 1 | 银行 |
| basic | 1 | 基本的 |
| begins | 1 | 开始（第三人称单数） |
| begun | 1 | 开始（begin 过去分词） |
| believe | 1 | 相信 |
| benefit | 1 | 好处；受益 |
| benign | 1 | 良性的 |
| big | 1 | 大的 |
| billion | 1 | 十亿 |
| boost | 1 | 促进 |
| bring | 1 | 带来 |
| broader | 1 | 更广泛的 |
| brokerage | 1 | 经纪 |
| budgets | 1 | 预算（复数） |
| cannot | 1 | 不能 |
| capability | 1 | 能力 |
| cases | 1 | 案例（复数） |
| caused | 1 | 导致（过去式） |
| causes | 1 | 导致（第三人称单数） |
| certain | 1 | 某些；确定的 |
| challenge | 1 | 挑战 |
| changes | 1 | 变化（复数） |
| changing | 1 | 变化的 |
| characterized | 1 | 以……为特征 |
| charge | 1 | 收费；指控 |
| cheaper | 1 | 更便宜的 |
| children | 1 | 儿童（复数） |
| claims | 1 | 说法（复数） |
| class | 1 | 类别 |
| classes | 1 | 类别（复数） |
| classroom | 1 | 课堂 |
| climate | 1 | 气候 |
| college | 1 | 学院 |
| commodities | 1 | 商品（复数） |
| compare | 1 | 比较 |
| compete | 1 | 参加 |
| complaints | 1 | 抱怨（复数） |
| completely | 1 | 完全地 |
| computerization | 1 | 计算机化 |
| computerized | 1 | 计算机化的 |
| concern | 1 | 担忧；涉及 |
| concerned | 1 | 担心的；相关的 |
| condition | 1 | 状况；条件 |
| conducting | 1 | 开展（动名词） |
| confident | 1 | 有信心的 |
| conserving | 1 | 养护（动名词） |
| considered | 1 | 被认为 |
| consumed | 1 | 消费（过去式） |
| content | 1 | 含量 |
| contrast | 1 | 对比 |
| cooperation | 1 | 合作 |
| cope | 1 | 应对 |
| create | 1 | 创造 |
| credit-card | 1 | 信用卡 |
| critical | 1 | 关键的；批评的 |
| crossing | 1 | 越过（动名词） |
| curb | 1 | 遏制 |
| cutting | 1 | 裁减（动名词） |
| dangerous | 1 | 危险的 |
| danmark | 1 | 丹麦（Denmark 的拼写） |
| day | 1 | 天；日子 |
| deal | 1 | 交易；处理 |
| debate | 1 | 辩论；争论 |
| debts | 1 | 债务（复数） |
| deep | 1 | 深的 |
| definitely | 1 | 肯定地 |
| demand | 1 | 需求；要求 |
| demonstrate | 1 | 证明；展示 |
| desire | 1 | 欲望 |
| didn | 1 | （did 的否定残留，忽略） |
| diminishing | 1 | 缩水（动名词） |
| direct | 1 | 直接的 |
| dirty | 1 | 脏的 |
| disappearing | 1 | 消失（动名词） |
| disasters | 1 | 灾害（复数） |
| discuss | 1 | 讨论 |
| discussions | 1 | 讨论（复数） |
| disgusting | 1 | 令人厌恶的 |
| disputes | 1 | 争议（复数） |
| districts | 1 | 学区（复数） |
| dominate | 1 | 主导 |
| doubt | 1 | 怀疑 |
| doubtful | 1 | 存疑的 |
| dozen | 1 | 十几个 |
| dozens | 1 | 数十个 |
| drink | 1 | 喝；饮料 |
| drop | 1 | 下降 |
| drops | 1 | 下跌（复数） |
| earlier | 1 | 更早的 |
| earth | 1 | 地球 |
| easy | 1 | 容易的 |
| economist | 1 | 经济学家 |
| educators | 1 | 教育者（复数） |
| effective | 1 | 有效的 |
| emerge | 1 | 出现 |
| employee | 1 | 员工 |
| employment | 1 | 就业 |
| energy | 1 | 能量；精力 |
| enough | 1 | 足够的 |
| entity | 1 | 实体 |
| estimates | 1 | 估计（复数） |
| ever-increasing | 1 | 不断增长的 |
| examination | 1 | 考试；检查 |
| exchange | 1 | 交易所；交换 |
| expect | 1 | 预计 |
| expected | 1 | 预期的 |
| experiences | 1 | 经历（复数） |
| experts | 1 | 专家（复数） |
| extinction | 1 | 灭绝 |
| extremely | 1 | 极其 |
| eyes | 1 | 眼中（复数） |
| facing | 1 | 面对（动名词） |
| fading | 1 | 消退的 |
| failed | 1 | 失败（过去式） |
| failure | 1 | 失败 |
| fall | 1 | 下降 |
| fallen | 1 | 下降（过去分词） |
| falling | 1 | 下降的 |
| far | 1 | 远的；远 |
| fast | 1 | 快的 |
| fat | 1 | 脂肪 |
| fat-rich | 1 | 高脂的 |
| fats | 1 | 脂肪（复数） |
| fattier | 1 | 更油腻的 |
| felling | 1 | 砍伐 |
| finite | 1 | 有限的 |
| firmly | 1 | 坚决地 |
| fishing | 1 | 捕鱼 |
| floor | 1 | 交易场 |
| fluctuate | 1 | 波动 |
| fluctuations | 1 | 波动（复数） |
| forces | 1 | 力量（复数）；迫使 |
| forest | 1 | 森林 |
| formidable | 1 | 可怕的 |
| fostering | 1 | 培育（动名词） |
| fruitful | 1 | 有成果的 |
| functioning | 1 | 可运转的 |
| fundamental | 1 | 根本的 |
| gained | 1 | 获得（过去式） |
| gains | 1 | 收益（复数） |
| gave | 1 | 给予（give 过去式） |
| general | 1 | 总的；一般的 |
| genuine | 1 | 真正的 |
| get | 1 | 得到；变得 |
| giving | 1 | 给予（动名词） |
| global | 1 | 全球的 |
| governments | 1 | 政府（复数） |
| greatly | 1 | 大大地 |
| growth | 1 | 增长 |
| half | 1 | 一半 |
| hands | 1 | 手（复数） |
| happened | 1 | 发生（过去式） |
| hard | 1 | 困难的；努力地 |
| harvests | 1 | 收成（复数） |
| healthier | 1 | 更健康的 |
| help | 1 | 帮助 |
| helped | 1 | 帮助（help 过去式） |
| helpful | 1 | 有帮助的 |
| highest | 1 | 最高的 |
| hit | 1 | 打击；达到 |
| hold | 1 | 持有；举行 |
| home | 1 | 家；住宅 |
| hope | 1 | 希望 |
| hugely | 1 | 大幅地 |
| human | 1 | 人类的；人 |
| hurry | 1 | 匆忙 |
| impose | 1 | 征收 |
| increase | 1 | 增加 |
| increases | 1 | 上涨（复数） |
| increasing | 1 | 增加的 |
| indeed | 1 | 确实 |
| indicated | 1 | 表明（过去式） |
| ingenious | 1 | 聪明的 |
| ingredient | 1 | 成分 |
| ingredients | 1 | 成分（复数） |
| inside | 1 | 内部 |
| instability | 1 | 动荡 |
| instead | 1 | 相反 |
| interviews | 1 | 采访（复数） |
| introduction | 1 | 引入 |
| itself | 1 | 它自己 |
| keep | 1 | 保持 |
| key | 1 | 关键的；钥匙 |
| knowledge | 1 | 知识 |
| lack | 1 | 缺乏 |
| large | 1 | 大的 |
| largely | 1 | 很大程度上 |
| lead | 1 | 领先；引导 |
| learning | 1 | 学习（动名词） |
| legitimate | 1 | 合理的；合法的 |
| less | 1 | 更少 |
| level | 1 | 水平 |
| lightening-quick | 1 | （lightning-quick 拼写）闪电般 |
| little | 1 | 少的；小的 |
| lived | 1 | 生活（过去式） |
| loans | 1 | 贷款（复数） |
| logically | 1 | 从逻辑上 |
| long | 1 | 长的；长久 |
| long-time | 1 | 资深的 |
| loss | 1 | 损失 |
| louis | 1 | 圣路易斯（St. Louis） |
| man | 1 | 人类 |
| manipulators | 1 | 操纵者（复数） |
| manufacturers | 1 | 制造商（复数） |
| marks | 1 | 标记（复数）；分数 |
| materials | 1 | 材料（复数） |
| matter | 1 | 事情；要紧 |
| mean | 1 | 意味着；吝啬的 |
| measure | 1 | 措施；衡量 |
| mentioned | 1 | 提到的 |
| method | 1 | 方法 |
| mexico | 1 | 墨西哥 |
| minerals | 1 | 矿产（复数） |
| mixture | 1 | 组合 |
| money-management | 1 | 理财 |
| multi-sided | 1 | 多方面的 |
| nearly | 1 | 几乎 |
| necessaries | 1 | 必需品（复数） |
| necessities | 1 | 必需品（复数） |
| net | 1 | 网络；净的 |
| none | 1 | 没有一个 |
| nonetheless | 1 | 尽管如此 |
| nowhere | 1 | 哪儿都不 |
| number | 1 | 数字；数量 |
| numbers | 1 | 数量（复数） |
| objective | 1 | 目标 |
| objects | 1 | 对象（复数） |
| offering | 1 | 提供（动名词） |
| official | 1 | 官员；官方的 |
| often | 1 | 经常 |
| onto | 1 | 到……上 |
| openly | 1 | 公开地 |
| opposes | 1 | 反对（第三人称单数） |
| opposition | 1 | 反对 |
| optimistic | 1 | 乐观的 |
| ought | 1 | 应该 |
| output | 1 | 产出 |
| overcome | 1 | 克服 |
| overproduction | 1 | 生产过剩 |
| owned | 1 | 拥有（过去分词） |
| owns | 1 | 拥有（第三人称单数） |
| paragraphs | 1 | 段落（复数） |
| part | 1 | 部分 |
| participants | 1 | 参与者（复数） |
| particular | 1 | 特定的 |
| passage | 1 | 文章 |
| peak | 1 | 峰值 |
| percentage | 1 | 百分比 |
| perform | 1 | 表现 |
| personal | 1 | 个人的 |
| phrase | 1 | 短语 |
| places | 1 | 地方（复数） |
| planet | 1 | 星球 |
| political | 1 | 政治的 |
| pollution | 1 | 污染 |
| pool | 1 | 资金池；池 |
| poor | 1 | 贫穷的；差的 |
| positive | 1 | 积极的 |
| practice | 1 | 做法；练习 |
| preliminary | 1 | 初步的 |
| pretty | 1 | 相当；漂亮的 |
| primary | 1 | 主要的 |
| principle | 1 | 原则；原则上 |
| produced | 1 | 生产（过去式） |
| producers | 1 | 生产者（复数） |
| product | 1 | 产品 |
| production | 1 | 生产 |
| professor | 1 | 教授 |
| promising | 1 | 有希望的 |
| proper | 1 | 正常的 |
| properly | 1 | 正确地 |
| property | 1 | 财产；房产 |
| prospect | 1 | 前景 |
| proud | 1 | 骄傲的 |
| prove | 1 | 证明 |
| purchases | 1 | 购买（复数） |
| pursue | 1 | 推进 |
| quality | 1 | 质量 |
| quick | 1 | 迅速的 |
| raising | 1 | 提高（动名词） |
| raw | 1 | 原始的（raw materials） |
| real-life | 1 | 现实的 |
| reason | 1 | 原因 |
| recent | 1 | 最近的 |
| recipes | 1 | 配方（复数） |
| recommend | 1 | 推荐 |
| reduce | 1 | 减少 |
| reduced | 1 | 减少（过去式） |
| reduces | 1 | 减少（第三人称单数） |
| reducing | 1 | 减少（动名词） |
| reduction | 1 | 减少 |
| refers | 1 | 指代（第三人称单数） |
| reform | 1 | 改革 |
| reformulating | 1 | 重新配方（动名词） |
| regulation | 1 | 监管；法规 |
| remember | 1 | 记住 |
| replacing | 1 | 替换（动名词） |
| reported | 1 | 据报道 |
| researchers | 1 | 研究者（复数） |
| resource | 1 | 资源 |
| restore | 1 | 恢复 |
| retirement | 1 | 退休 |
| review | 1 | 审查；评论 |
| rigorously | 1 | 严格地 |
| rivals | 1 | 对手（复数） |
| rosenblatt | 1 | 罗森布拉特（公司） |
| ruined | 1 | 毁掉（过去分词） |
| running | 1 | 耗尽（running short） |
| sales | 1 | 销量（复数） |
| satisfy | 1 | 满足 |
| save | 1 | 储蓄 |
| saying | 1 | 说法 |
| says | 1 | 说（第三人称单数） |
| schools | 1 | 学校（复数） |
| scores | 1 | 分数（复数） |
| second | 1 | 第二 |
| securities | 1 | 证券（复数） |
| seems | 1 | 似乎 |
| sell | 1 | 卖 |
| serious | 1 | 严重的 |
| services | 1 | 服务（复数） |
| setting | 1 | 设定（动名词） |
| seven-year | 1 | 七年的 |
| share | 1 | 分享；份额 |
| short | 1 | 短的；短缺 |
| show | 1 | 显示；展示 |
| shrink | 1 | 萎缩 |
| shrinking | 1 | 萎缩的 |
| shut | 1 | 关闭 |
| sign | 1 | 迹象 |
| single | 1 | 单一的 |
| situation | 1 | 情况 |
| skeptics | 1 | 怀疑者（复数） |
| sky-high | 1 | 高得离谱的 |
| slow | 1 | 缓慢的 |
| smart | 1 | 明智的 |
| smelly | 1 | 臭的 |
| smog | 1 | 雾霾 |
| solid | 1 | 可靠的；坚实的 |
| solvable | 1 | 可解决的 |
| solving | 1 | 解决（动名词） |
| species | 1 | 物种 |
| speculative | 1 | 武断的 |
| st | 1 | （street/ saint 缩写残留） |
| staff | 1 | 员工 |
| started | 1 | 开始（过去式） |
| state | 1 | 州；国家；状态 |
| statement | 1 | 说法 |
| states | 1 | 州（复数）；状态 |
| steam | 1 | 势头（gain steam） |
| stocks | 1 | 股票（复数） |
| strain | 1 | 压力 |
| strength | 1 | 优势 |
| strong | 1 | 强烈的 |
| struggles | 1 | 困境（复数） |
| stumble | 1 | 受阻 |
| subject | 1 | 主题；对象 |
| subjects | 1 | 科目；对象（复数） |
| substitute | 1 | 替代品 |
| substitutes | 1 | 替代品（复数） |
| sudden | 1 | 突然的 |
| sugar-induced | 1 | 糖引起的 |
| sugars | 1 | 糖类（复数） |
| suggest | 1 | 建议；表明 |
| super | 1 | 超级的 |
| super-fast | 1 | 超高速的 |
| surging | 1 | 飙升的 |
| surprise | 1 | 惊讶 |
| surprisingly | 1 | 令人惊讶地 |
| suspicious | 1 | 怀疑的 |
| sustainable | 1 | 可持续的 |
| systems | 1 | 系统（复数） |
| taking | 1 | 采取（动名词） |
| talk | 1 | 谈论 |
| taste | 1 | 口味 |
| taxed | 1 | 被征税的 |
| taxes | 1 | 税（复数） |
| tear | 1 | 撕扯（tear apart） |
| terms | 1 | 术语；条款（复数） |
| tests | 1 | 测试（复数） |
| thanks | 1 | 由于（thanks to） |
| third | 1 | 第三 |
| thought | 1 | 想法；认为（think 过去式） |
| three | 1 | 三 |
| today | 1 | 今天；当今 |
| topic | 1 | 话题 |
| towards | 1 | 朝向 |
| toxic | 1 | 有毒的 |
| tried | 1 | 尝试（过去式） |
| tripled | 1 | 增至三倍（过去式） |
| trying | 1 | 试图（动名词） |
| turning | 1 | 转折（动名词） |
| turns | 1 | 转变（第三人称单数） |
| un-taxed | 1 | 未征税的 |
| understand | 1 | 理解 |
| undertaking | 1 | 工程；事业 |
| undesirable | 1 | 不良的 |
| universal | 1 | 普遍的 |
| university | 1 | 大学 |
| unpleasant | 1 | 不愉快的 |
| until | 1 | 直到 |
| use | 1 | 使用 |
| viewed | 1 | 视为（过去分词） |
| voices | 1 | 声音（复数） |
| washington | 1 | 华盛顿 |
| water | 1 | 水 |
| welcomed | 1 | 欢迎（过去分词） |
| wise | 1 | 明智的 |
| worried | 1 | 担心（过去分词） |
| write | 1 | 写 |
| wrote | 1 | 写道（write 过去式） |
| yes | 1 | 是的 |
| york | 1 | 约克（New York 纽约） |
二、本篇句型与固定表达
2.1 句型模板
| 结构 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| as … as | 3 | 像……一样 |
| it is … that（强调句） | 2 | 正是…… |
| more … than | 1 | 比……更 |
| account for | 1 | 占；解释 |
| there is little/no evidence that | 1 | 几乎没有证据表明 |
| be subject to | 1 | 受制于、需接受 |
| lead to | 1 | 导致 |
| result in | 1 | 导致 |
| refer to | 1 | 指代、提及 |
2.2 固定表达
| 短语 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| silver bullet | 2 | 万灵药 |
| in response to | 1 | 回应 |
| by contrast | 1 | 相比之下 |
| at most | 1 | 至多 |
| in principle | 1 | 原则上 |
| after all | 1 | 毕竟 |
三、原文与译文
篇一｜高频交易的退潮（101–105）
原文 / 译文
¶1
High-speed trading firms — the lightning-quick, computerized companies that have risen in the last decade to dominate the nation's stock market — are now struggling to hold onto their gains. Profits from high-speed trading in American stocks are reported to be, at most, $1.25 billion this year, down 35 percent from last year and 74 percent from the peak of a year ago, according to estimates from the brokerage firm Rosenblatt Securities.
译｜ 高频交易公司——过去十年崛起、主导全美股市的闪电般计算机化企业——如今正艰难守住自己的收益。据经纪公司罗森布拉特证券估计，今年美股高频交易利润至多 12.5 亿美元，比去年下降 35%，比一年前的峰值下降 74%。
¶2
While no official data is available about the employment at the high-speed firms, interviews with more than a dozen industry participants suggest that firms large and small have been cutting staff, and in some cases have shut down. The firms also account for a declining percentage of a shrinking pool of stock trading, from 61 percent three years ago to 51 percent now.
译｜ 虽然没有关于高频交易公司用工的官方数据，但对十余名业内参与者的采访显示，大大小小的公司都在裁员，有些甚至已经关门。在萎缩的股票交易池中，这些公司的占比也在下降，从三年前的 61% 降到现在的 51%。
¶3
It is a swift reversal for trading firms that have often looked like profit machines in the eyes of other investors, thanks to high-powered software and super-fast data connections that can take advantage of small changes in the price of a stock.
译｜ 对这类交易公司而言，这是一次急剧逆转——凭借高性能软件和超高速数据连接、能利用股价微小变动获利，它们在许多投资者眼中一直像印钞机。
¶4
High-speed trading is far from disappearing from the market, but the struggles facing these firms are welcomed by some traditional traders and investors who have viewed the firms as formidable rivals, or worse, market manipulators that create sudden increases and drops in share prices. Peter Costa, a long-time trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, said the fading presence of the firms could “restore some order to stock markets”.
译｜ 高频交易远未从市场消失，但这些公司的困境受到一些传统交易员和投资者的欢迎，他们把这些公司视为可怕的对手，甚至视为制造股价骤涨骤跌的市场操纵者。纽约证券交易所场内老交易员彼得·科斯塔说，这些公司的退场或许能“让股市恢复一些秩序”。
¶5
Regulators are still trying to understand whether the rise of high-speed firms has been net benefit or loss for investors, so it is hard to say how the decline of these firms will affect the markets. Many market experts have argued that the technical problems that have recently hit the market have been a result of the broader trend of the market turning into dozens of automated trading services and a lack of human oversight.
译｜ 监管机构仍在试图弄清：高频交易公司的崛起对投资者究竟是净收益还是净损失，因此很难说它们的衰落会如何影响市场。许多市场专家认为，近期冲击市场的技术故障，源于市场正变成数十种自动化交易服务、且缺乏人工监督这一更广泛的趋势。
题目与答案
101. It is indicated in the first paragraph that ______.
A. the strength of high-speed trading firms is the computerization B. the profits of high-speed trading are declining in recent years C. all the high-speed firms are no longer profitable D. every high-speed trader can make more money than the traditional traders
答案 B｜题型：细节·主旨句｜定位：¶1 “struggling to hold onto their gains… down 35 percent”｜陷阱：首段核心是“利润下滑”；C/D 绝对化
102. According to the first two paragraphs, the decline of high-speed trading firms is characterized by ______.
A. struggling to make any profits B. the shrink of stock trading market C. the reduction of profits and employee numbers D. no longer being active in the nation's stock market
答案 C｜题型：细节·归纳｜定位：¶2 “cutting staff”“shut down”｜陷阱：利润与用工双降，才是“衰退特征”
103. The phrase “swift reversal” most probably refers to ______.
A. high-powered software and super-fast data connections B. new investors becoming profit machines C. taking in charge of the price of a stock D. not making huge profits as before
答案 D｜题型：词义（画线短语）｜定位：¶3 “swift reversal… looked like profit machines”｜陷阱：从前像印钞机、如今守不住收益＝形势反转
104. Which of the following would Peter Costa most probably agree on?
A. Decline of high-speed firms is good for proper market functioning. B. Traditional traders and investors are afraid of high-speed firms. C. Stock markets need the presence of high-speed trading firms. D. High-speed trading firms could bring order to stock markets.
答案 A｜题型：人物观点｜定位：¶4 “could restore some order to stock markets”｜陷阱：他认为退场是好事，不是“需要它们”
105. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A. Regulators think the prospect of high-speed firms is promising. B. The influence of the decline of high-speed firms is not certain. C. The stock markets are under strong oversight. D. The stock markets are confident to overcome the technical problems.
答案 B｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶5 “hard to say how the decline… will affect”｜陷阱：影响尚不确定
篇二｜环境为什么没被毁掉（106–110）
原文 / 译文
¶1
“The world's environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from the felling of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
译｜ “世界环境出奇地健康。请讨论。”如果这是道考题，多数学生会把它批得体无完肤，列出一长串抱怨：从本地雾霾到全球气候变化，从森林砍伐到物种灭绝。这些清单大体准确，担忧也合情合理。然而，真正该得最高分的，恰恰是同意这句话的学生。令人惊讶的是事情有多好，而不是有多糟。
¶2
After all, the world's population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or in 1950 or in 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don't. The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today's environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
译｜ 毕竟，本世纪世界人口增长了两倍多，全球产出大幅上升，你本以为地球本身会受影响。的确，如果人们还按 1900 年（或 1950 年、1980 年）的方式生活、消费和生产，今天的世界会是个相当令人厌恶的地方：臭气熏天、肮脏、有毒且危险。但人们没有那样做。他们没有那样做、环境也没有被毁掉的原因，与价格、技术创新、社会变迁，以及政府回应公众压力而进行的监管有关。正因如此，贫穷国家今天的环境问题原则上应当是可解的。
¶3
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability, and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
译｜ 原材料并未耗尽，也没有耗尽的迹象。从逻辑上说，总有一天会耗尽：地球是有限的。但地球也很大，而人类非常聪明。实际情况是：每当某种材料似乎要短缺，价格就会上涨，作为回应，人们会寻找新的供应来源、设法减少用量，或寻找新的替代品。因此，本世纪能源和矿产的实际价格反而下降了。食品也是如此。价格会因收成、自然灾害和政治动荡而波动；价格上涨后，要过一段时间新供应才会出现。但新供应总会出现，靠新的农业和作物技术。长期趋势一直是向下的。
¶4
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
译｜ 恰恰是在价格和市场运转不灵的地方，这种良性趋势才开始受阻，真正的问题才出现。市场并不总能让环境保持健康。如果相关资源无人拥有，就没人有养护它的利益：鱼类就是最好的例子。
题目与答案
106. According to the author, most students ______.
A. believe the world's environment is not as bad as it is thought to be B. think the world's environment is in an undesirable condition C. are not worried about the state of the world's environment D. have deep knowledge about environment
答案 B｜题型：细节·观点｜定位：¶1 “most students would tear it apart”｜陷阱：多数学生认为环境糟糕
107. The huge increase in world population and production ______.
A. has made the world's worse place to live in B. has had a positive influence on the environment C. has made the world an unpleasant place to live in D. has not greatly affected the environment
答案 D｜题型：细节｜定位：¶2 “would be disgusting. But they don't”｜陷阱：人口产出大增但环境没毁
108. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that ______.
A. technological innovation emerge B. consumption will drop C. new sources are always becoming available D. new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
答案 C｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶3 “new sources of supply become available… they always do”｜陷阱：价格长期下行＝新供应总能出现
109. According to the author, why fish resources are diminishing?
A. Because no new substitutes can be found available. B. Because water pollution causes serious problems. C. Because they are not owned by any particular entity. D. Because fishing method is not sustainable.
答案 C｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶4 “If no one owns the resource… no one has an interest”｜陷阱：无人拥有、无人养护
110. According to the author, the primary solution to environmental problems is ______.
A. to allow market forces to operate properly B. to curb consumption of natural resources C. to limit the growth of world population D. to avoid price fluctuations
答案 A｜题型：主旨·观点｜定位：¶4 “where prices and markets do not operate properly”｜陷阱：让市场正常运转才是根本解法
篇三｜糖税与配方改良（111–115）
原文 / 译文
¶1
“Sugar, alcohol and tobacco,” economist Adam Smith once wrote, “are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.” Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to consider taxing sugar as well. Whether such taxes work is still a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier food.
译｜ 经济学家亚当·斯密曾写道：“糖、酒和烟草，都是哪里都算不上生活必需品的商品，却几乎成了人人消费的对象，因此也是极受欢迎的征税对象。”两个半世纪过去，多数国家都对酒和烟草征收某种税。随着肥胖率飙升、给公共卫生系统带来越来越大压力，各国政府也开始考虑对糖征税。这类税是否有效仍有争议。对墨西哥糖税的一项初步评估发现，被征税饮料的购买量下降，而未征税、更健康的饮料销量上升。相比之下，丹麦对高脂食品征税一年后便废止，原因是有人说消费者为买到更便宜、更油腻的食物而跨境去德国。
¶2
The food industry, in general, firmly opposes such direct government action. Nonetheless, the industry is under pressure to demonstrate its products are healthy as well as tasty. Over the past 30 years, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its products. For example, some drink manufacturers have reduced the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or found an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
译｜ 食品行业总体上坚决反对政府这种直接干预。尽管如此，该行业仍面临证明产品既健康又美味的压力。过去 30 年，行业为提升产品质量做过一些努力。例如，一些饮料制造商减少了产品中的糖、盐或脂肪含量，或找到了替代成分。但最近，一些公司正在投入一项更宏大的工程：学习如何调整所售食品的基本构成。例如，盐只放在表面、内部不放，就能在不改变口味的情况下减少含盐量。
¶3
While reformulating recipes is one way to improve public health, it should be a part of the multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches will be needed; there is no silver bullet.
译｜ 改良配方是改善公共健康的一条路径，但它应是多管齐下的一部分。关键在于记住：解决办法不止一个。应对肥胖需要多种方法组合，没有“银弹”（一招见效的万能解法）。
题目与答案
111. What did Adam Smith mainly say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco?
A. They were in ever-increasing demand. B. They were not profitable to producers. C. They were subject to taxation in many places. D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.
答案 C｜题型：细节·引语｜定位：¶1 “extremely popular subjects of taxation”｜陷阱：斯密强调“被广泛征税”，不是需求增长
112. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?
A. They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets. B. They are under pressure to cope with the sugar-induced health problems. C. The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has been very profitable. D. The sugar industry is making huge profits.
答案 B｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶1 “surging obesity… strain on public health systems”｜陷阱：动因是健康压力，不是财政平衡
113. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?
A. The taxation did not work out as expected. B. The taxation gave rise to problems on the border. C. The taxation failed because of the firm opposition from the food industry. D. The taxation caused disputes between Danmark and Germany.
答案 A｜题型：细节·例证｜定位：¶1 “abandoned a year after… crossing the border”｜陷阱：丹麦税没达到预期效果
114. What are food companies doing more recently to make products healthy and tasty?
A. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs. B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in the products. C. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients. D. Adjusting the basic make-up of their products.
答案 D｜题型：细节｜定位：¶2 “adjust the fundamental make-up of the food”｜陷阱：最近的动作是“改配方”，不是“减量”
115. What does the author mean by saying “there is no silver bullet”?
A. There is no hope of success without public cooperation. B. There is no single easy quick solution to the obesity problem. C. There is no hurry in solving the obesity problem. D. There is no effective way to reduce sugar consumption.
答案 B｜题型：词义·习语（画线）｜定位：¶3 “a mixture of approaches… no silver bullet”｜陷阱：银弹＝单一、快速、简单的解法
篇四｜财商教育有没有用（116–120）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that we Americans should not be proud of our financial skills. We take out home loans we can't afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debts. We don't save nearly enough for retirement.
译｜ 金融危机教给我们的所有教训中，最切身的一条是：我们美国人不该对自己的理财能力感到骄傲。我们贷了根本还不起的房贷，刷出高得离谱的信用卡债务，为退休存的钱远远不够。
¶2
In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are raising their voices. School districts in many states are adding money-management courses to their curriculum. The government is encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge. However, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students perform in making financial decisions.
译｜ 作为回应，财商教育的支持者们大声疾呼。许多州的学区把理财课程加进课表，政府鼓励学生参加“全国金融能力挑战赛”。然而，几乎没有证据表明，传统的金融知识普及能帮学生在课堂之外做出更好的决策。过去十年，财商运动声势渐起，可衡量学生金融决策能力的测试分数却在下降。
¶3
Given the situation, a growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids' hands, and encouraging students to talk openly about the emotions and social influences about spending. Yet even the skeptics are slow to write off financial education completely. “We need to rigorously study the financial decisions of alumni like Ariel and Alex and compare with those of peers who didn't get the same sort of education. Until you have experimental evidence, it is too speculative to recommend one education approach over another,” says Mike Sheden, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis who is conducting a seven-year study on whether giving children real bank accounts would result in long-term smart financial decisions. Yes, good, solid research like this takes a lot of time and resources, but it is in our own best interest to pursue it.
译｜ 有鉴于此，越来越多的研究者和教育者认为需要更彻底的办法。他们主张把金融教育大幅提前到高中之前，让孩子手里有真钱、做真实的花钱决策，并鼓励学生公开谈论消费背后的情绪与社会影响。但即便是怀疑者，也不愿轻易把财商教育一笔勾销。“我们需要严格研究像 Ariel 和 Alex 这样的校友的金融决策，并与没受过同类教育的同龄人比较。在没有实验证据之前，推荐某种教育方式优于另一种，太武断了，”圣路易斯华盛顿大学教授迈克·谢登说。他正开展一项为期七年的研究，考察给孩子真实银行账户是否能带来长期明智的金融决策。是的，这样扎实的研究需要大量时间和资源，但推进它符合我们自身的最大利益。
题目与答案
116. What is said about the financial-literacy education in the second paragraph?
A. Many local schools add financial courses to their curriculum. B. The supporters of such education become doubtful. C. Financial know-how in class is definitely helpful in real life. D. Financial-literacy movement helped students make wise financial decisions.
答案 A｜题型：细节｜定位：¶2 “School districts… adding money-management courses”｜陷阱：学校确实在加课，但“有效”证据不足
117. What is said about the radical approach mentioned in the third paragraph?
A. Reducing the financial courses taught in classes. B. Starting financial education from high school instead of college. C. Putting kids in financial environment to learn from real-life experiences. D. Avoiding discussions on the emotions and social influences about spending.
答案 C｜题型：细节｜定位：¶3 “starting… earlier than high school… real money”｜陷阱：更早、更真实，不是“减少课程”
118. What does Mike Sheden think of the financial education of Ariel and Alex?
A. It is fruitful without any doubt. B. It is better than their peers. C. It turns out to be a failure. D. It needs experimental evidence to prove its success.
答案 D｜题型：观点｜定位：¶3 “Until you have experimental evidence… too speculative”｜陷阱：案例证明不了，需要实验证据
119. What's the author's attitude towards financial education?
A. Suspicious B. Objective C. Optimistic D. Critical
答案 B｜题型：态度｜定位：全文 “little evidence… yet… in our best interest to pursue”｜陷阱：审慎但不否定 → objective
120. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Approach to financial education B. Americans' financial skills C. Reform on financial education D. Lessons of financial crisis
答案 A｜题型：主旨｜定位：全文围绕“财商教育该怎么教”｜陷阱：重点在“路径之争”，不是“美国人理财差”