2019 金管局英语阅读 · 词汇 → 句型 → 原文译文
顺序说明：先看本篇词汇（含 20 道题干与选项中的词），再看句型句式，最后读原文译文；题目与答案随每篇放在译文之后 词汇口径：4 篇原文＋20 题的实词去重，按篇内出现次数降序，共 592 个；虚词（the/of/to 等）不列 配套：全量词表
词汇表-全量释义.md｜总索引00-总索引.md
一、本篇词汇（592 个）
| 词 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| data | 19 | 数据 |
| banks | 13 | 银行（复数） |
| money | 13 | 钱；货币 |
| insurance | 11 | 保险 |
| loans | 10 | 贷款（复数） |
| reverse | 10 | 反向的；颠倒 |
| risks | 10 | 风险（复数） |
| mortgage | 9 | 抵押贷款 |
| regulators | 9 | 监管者（复数） |
| rules | 9 | 规则（复数） |
| seniors | 9 | 老年人（复数） |
| third | 9 | 第三 |
| alexa | 8 | Alexa（系统名） |
| new | 8 | 新的 |
| insured | 7 | 被保险人（复数）；投保的 |
| parties | 7 | 各方（复数） |
| lenders | 6 | 贷款机构（复数） |
| loss | 6 | 损失 |
| market | 6 | 市场 |
| services | 6 | 服务（复数） |
| bank | 5 | 银行 |
| consumers | 5 | 消费者（复数） |
| cookie | 5 | 网络 cookie；饼干 |
| europe | 5 | 欧洲 |
| financial | 5 | 财政的；金融的 |
| homes | 5 | 家（复数） |
| information | 5 | 信息 |
| paid | 5 | 支付（pay 过去式/过去分词） |
| psd | 5 | （PSD2 缩写残片） |
| time | 5 | 时间；次数 |
| use | 5 | 使用 |
| widows | 5 | 寡妇（复数） |
| according | 4 | 根据（according to） |
| author | 4 | 作者 |
| cannot | 4 | 不能 |
| customers | 4 | 顾客（复数） |
| every | 4 | 每一个 |
| first | 4 | 第一；首先 |
| help | 4 | 帮助 |
| internet | 4 | 互联网 |
| paragraph | 4 | 段落 |
| pay | 4 | 支付；薪酬 |
| people | 4 | 人们 |
| restaurant | 4 | 餐厅 |
| site | 4 | 网站；地点 |
| stay | 4 | 停留 |
| access | 3 | 访问；获取 |
| against | 3 | 反对；与……相对 |
| better | 3 | 更好的 |
| computer | 3 | 计算机 |
| concerns | 3 | 担忧（复数） |
| contributions | 3 | 缴款（复数） |
| cookies | 3 | cookie（复数） |
| enough | 3 | 足够的 |
| estimated | 3 | 估计的 |
| everyone | 3 | 每个人 |
| facing | 3 | 面对（动名词） |
| federal | 3 | 联邦的 |
| forced | 3 | 被迫的 |
| get | 3 | 得到；变得 |
| go | 3 | 去；变得 |
| good | 3 | 好的；利益 |
| including | 3 | 包括 |
| knows | 3 | 知道（第三人称单数） |
| law | 3 | 法律 |
| long | 3 | 长的；长久 |
| many | 3 | 许多 |
| marketers | 3 | 营销者（复数） |
| mortgages | 3 | 抵押贷款（复数） |
| named | 3 | 命名 |
| necessary | 3 | 必要的 |
| often | 3 | 经常 |
| old-fashioned | 3 | 老派的 |
| ordinary | 3 | 普通的 |
| passage | 3 | 文章 |
| phrases | 3 | 措辞（复数） |
| policies | 3 | 政策（复数） |
| pool | 3 | 资金池；池 |
| poor | 3 | 贫穷的；差的 |
| premium | 3 | 保费 |
| probably | 3 | 可能 |
| provide | 3 | 提供 |
| providers | 3 | 提供者（复数） |
| risk | 3 | 风险 |
| solutions | 3 | 方案（复数） |
| sound | 3 | 听起来；健全的 |
| suffer | 3 | 遭受 |
| sum | 3 | 总和 |
| system | 3 | 系统；制度 |
| true | 3 | 真的；真实的 |
| used | 3 | 使用（use 过去式）；习惯于 |
| usually | 3 | 通常 |
| want | 3 | 想要 |
| wording | 3 | 措辞 |
| ability | 2 | 能力 |
| afford | 2 | 负担得起 |
| aggressively | 2 | 激进地 |
| allow | 2 | 允许 |
| amount | 2 | 数量；金额 |
| attacks | 2 | 攻击（复数） |
| baby | 2 | 婴儿 |
| back | 2 | 回；背部；支持 |
| basis | 2 | 基础 |
| boomer | 2 | 婴儿潮一代 |
| borrowers | 2 | 借款人（复数） |
| bureau | 2 | 局 |
| burger | 2 | 汉堡 |
| buy | 2 | 买 |
| called | 2 | 被称为 |
| cases | 2 | 案例（复数） |
| certain | 2 | 某些；确定的 |
| change | 2 | 变化；改变 |
| clearly | 2 | 清楚地 |
| clients | 2 | 客户（复数） |
| collects | 2 | 收集（第三人称单数） |
| competition | 2 | 竞争 |
| consumer | 2 | 消费者 |
| contract | 2 | 合同 |
| courts | 2 | 法院（复数） |
| covered | 2 | 覆盖（过去式） |
| cyber | 2 | 网络的 |
| damaged | 2 | 损坏的 |
| die | 2 | 死亡 |
| diet | 2 | 节食 |
| documenting | 2 | 记录（动名词） |
| don | 2 | （do 的否定缩写残留，忽略） |
| doubtful | 2 | 存疑的 |
| easily | 2 | 容易地 |
| egypt | 2 | 埃及 |
| enjoy | 2 | 享受 |
| entire | 2 | 整个的 |
| european | 2 | 欧洲的 |
| expected | 2 | 预期的 |
| explosive | 2 | 爆炸式的 |
| fact | 2 | 事实 |
| field | 2 | 领域 |
| fire | 2 | 火；火灾 |
| flags | 2 | 信号（复数） |
| flexible | 2 | 灵活的 |
| following | 2 | 接下来的 |
| foreclosure | 2 | 止赎 |
| form | 2 | 形式；表格 |
| growth | 2 | 增长 |
| high | 2 | 高的 |
| house | 2 | 房子 |
| include | 2 | 包括 |
| innovative | 2 | 创新的 |
| insurers | 2 | 保险人（复数） |
| know | 2 | 知道 |
| large | 2 | 大的 |
| latest | 2 | 最新的 |
| learned | 2 | 学会（learn 过去式） |
| leave | 2 | 离开；留下 |
| left | 2 | 离开（leave 过去式）；左边 |
| licensed | 2 | 持牌的 |
| little | 2 | 少的；小的 |
| long-desired | 2 | 渴望已久的 |
| lost | 2 | 丢失（lose 过去式） |
| makes | 2 | 使；制造（第三人称单数） |
| meaning | 2 | 含义 |
| monopoly | 2 | 垄断 |
| monthly | 2 | 每月的 |
| mrs | 2 | 夫人 |
| names | 2 | 名字（复数） |
| nearly | 2 | 几乎 |
| next | 2 | 下一个；接下来 |
| now | 2 | 现在 |
| offered | 2 | 报价的（过去分词） |
| open | 2 | 开放的；打开 |
| order | 2 | 顺序；命令；秩序 |
| owner | 2 | 所有者 |
| pension | 2 | 养老金 |
| phrase | 2 | 短语 |
| placed | 2 | 放置（place 过去式） |
| possible | 2 | 可能的 |
| pressured | 2 | 施压（过去分词） |
| privacy | 2 | 隐私 |
| profile | 2 | 画像；资料 |
| profits | 2 | 利润（复数） |
| promising | 2 | 有希望的 |
| property | 2 | 财产；房产 |
| protection | 2 | 保护 |
| put | 2 | 放；使 |
| reason | 2 | 原因 |
| red | 2 | 红的 |
| restaurants | 2 | 餐厅（复数） |
| return | 2 | 回报；返回 |
| sea | 2 | 海 |
| second | 2 | 第二 |
| seems | 2 | 似乎 |
| share | 2 | 分享；份额 |
| show | 2 | 显示；展示 |
| small | 2 | 小的 |
| state | 2 | 州；国家；状态 |
| story | 2 | 故事 |
| stricter | 2 | 更严格的 |
| suffers | 2 | 遭受（第三人称单数） |
| suitability | 2 | 适用性 |
| technology | 2 | 技术 |
| things | 2 | 事情（复数） |
| threat | 2 | 威胁 |
| touch | 2 | 触碰（light touch 轻监管） |
| tough | 2 | 强硬的 |
| understand | 2 | 理解 |
| vessel | 2 | 船 |
| visit | 2 | 访问 |
| waiter | 2 | 男服务员 |
| waitress | 2 | 女服务员 |
| web | 2 | 网络 |
| words | 2 | 词语（复数） |
| working | 2 | 工作（动名词） |
| abuse | 1 | 滥用；虐待 |
| accepted | 1 | 被接受的 |
| activities | 1 | 活动（复数） |
| activities-such | 1 | （排版粘连）activities such as |
| actually | 1 | 实际上 |
| administer | 1 | 管理 |
| administering | 1 | 管理（动名词） |
| advertised | 1 | 被宣传（过去分词） |
| advertisements | 1 | 广告（复数） |
| age | 1 | 年龄；时代 |
| aggressive | 1 | 激进的 |
| agreed | 1 | 同意（过去式） |
| alexandria | 1 | 亚历山大 |
| almost | 1 | 几乎 |
| always | 1 | 总是 |
| ancient | 1 | 古代的 |
| annoying | 1 | 令人厌烦的 |
| annual | 1 | 年度的 |
| another | 1 | 另一个 |
| apply | 1 | 申请 |
| approving | 1 | 赞成的 |
| aren | 1 | （are 的否定残留，忽略） |
| armed | 1 | 带着（armed with） |
| associated | 1 | 相关的 |
| attitude | 1 | 态度 |
| attorney | 1 | 检察长；律师 |
| available | 1 | 可获得的 |
| avoid | 1 | 避免 |
| aware | 1 | 意识到的 |
| away | 1 | 离开 |
| bad | 1 | 坏的 |
| bankers | 1 | 银行家（复数） |
| banking | 1 | 银行业 |
| bankrupt | 1 | 破产的 |
| becoming | 1 | 变得（动名词） |
| best | 1 | 最好的 |
| big | 1 | 大的 |
| bizarre | 1 | 诡异的 |
| borrow | 1 | 借 |
| breadwinner | 1 | 养家者 |
| break | 1 | 违反 |
| broadly | 1 | 广义上 |
| brokers | 1 | 经纪商（复数） |
| brought | 1 | 带来（bring 过去式） |
| burgers | 1 | 汉堡（复数） |
| business | 1 | 商业；生意 |
| businesses | 1 | 企业（复数） |
| buyers | 1 | 买方（复数） |
| card | 1 | 卡 |
| carrying | 1 | 带有（动名词） |
| century | 1 | 世纪 |
| challenges | 1 | 挑战（复数） |
| changes | 1 | 变化（复数） |
| check | 1 | 检测 |
| clear | 1 | 清楚的；清除 |
| click | 1 | 点击 |
| close | 1 | 接近的 |
| code | 1 | 代码 |
| collect | 1 | 收集 |
| collecting | 1 | 收集（动名词） |
| come | 1 | 来 |
| compel | 1 | 迫使 |
| compensation | 1 | 薪酬；补偿 |
| competitors | 1 | 竞争者（复数） |
| complain | 1 | 抱怨 |
| consent | 1 | 同意 |
| considerate | 1 | 体贴的 |
| consideration | 1 | 考虑 |
| continued | 1 | 继续（过去式） |
| contribution | 1 | 缴款 |
| convince | 1 | 说服 |
| cooked | 1 | 做好（过去分词） |
| cost | 1 | 成本；花费 |
| created | 1 | 创造（过去式） |
| credit | 1 | 信用；信贷 |
| crisis | 1 | 危机 |
| criticize | 1 | 批评 |
| customer | 1 | 客户 |
| date | 1 | 约会对象 |
| deal | 1 | 交易；处理 |
| decided | 1 | 决定（过去式） |
| declining | 1 | 下降的 |
| defaults | 1 | 违约（复数） |
| defense | 1 | 防御 |
| defenses | 1 | 防护（复数） |
| definite | 1 | 明确的 |
| deposit | 1 | 存款 |
| died | 1 | 去世（die 过去式） |
| dinner | 1 | 晚餐 |
| disclose | 1 | 披露 |
| disclosure | 1 | 信息披露 |
| disputes | 1 | 争议（复数） |
| doesn | 1 | （does 的否定缩写残留，忽略） |
| doing | 1 | 做（动名词） |
| dollar | 1 | 美元 |
| driving | 1 | 推动（动名词） |
| early | 1 | 早期的 |
| echo | 1 | 呼应（动词） |
| effectively | 1 | 有效地 |
| effects | 1 | 影响（复数） |
| enables | 1 | 使能够（第三人称单数） |
| end | 1 | 结束；末端 |
| engage | 1 | 从事 |
| enormous | 1 | 巨大的 |
| ensuring | 1 | 确保（动名词） |
| entering | 1 | 进入（动名词） |
| entrants | 1 | 进入者（复数） |
| equivalent | 1 | 对应物 |
| established | 1 | 已建立的 |
| etc | 1 | 等等 |
| evolves | 1 | 演变（第三人称单数） |
| example | 1 | 例子 |
| exit | 1 | 退出 |
| expensive | 1 | 昂贵的 |
| explained | 1 | 解释（过去式） |
| explaining | 1 | 解释（动名词） |
| explicitly | 1 | 明确地 |
| exposed | 1 | 面临（be exposed to） |
| family | 1 | 家庭 |
| fashionable | 1 | 时髦的 |
| fees | 1 | 费用（复数） |
| fend | 1 | 抵挡（fend off） |
| finance | 1 | 为……融资 |
| find | 1 | 发现；找到 |
| fintech | 1 | 金融科技 |
| flawed | 1 | 有缺陷的 |
| flood | 1 | 涌入 |
| forget | 1 | 忘记 |
| former | 1 | 前任的 |
| fraud | 1 | 欺诈 |
| free | 1 | 自由的；免费的 |
| frequently | 1 | 频繁地 |
| future | 1 | 未来 |
| gained | 1 | 获得（过去式） |
| gambling | 1 | 博彩 |
| gap | 1 | 差距 |
| general | 1 | 总的；一般的 |
| generation | 1 | 一代 |
| girlfriend | 1 | 女友 |
| give | 1 | 给 |
| given | 1 | 鉴于；给定的 |
| giving | 1 | 给予（动名词） |
| gold | 1 | 黄金 |
| goods | 1 | 商品 |
| government | 1 | 政府 |
| greets | 1 | 打招呼（第三人称单数） |
| hand | 1 | 手 |
| happens | 1 | 发生（第三人称单数） |
| hardly | 1 | 几乎不 |
| hardware | 1 | 硬件 |
| helped | 1 | 帮助（help 过去式） |
| hero | 1 | 英雄 |
| hey | 1 | 嘿 |
| hidden | 1 | 隐藏的 |
| higher | 1 | 更高的 |
| highs | 1 | 高点（复数） |
| history | 1 | 历史 |
| hit | 1 | 打击；达到 |
| homeowners | 1 | 房主（复数） |
| husbands | 1 | 丈夫（复数） |
| i-librarian | 1 | I-librarian（系统名） |
| imagine | 1 | 想象 |
| implement | 1 | 实施 |
| implementing | 1 | 落实（动名词） |
| implications | 1 | 影响（复数） |
| implies | 1 | 暗示（第三人称单数） |
| important | 1 | 重要的 |
| improper | 1 | 不当的 |
| income | 1 | 收入 |
| incredible | 1 | 难以置信的 |
| indisputable | 1 | 无可争议的 |
| inferred | 1 | 推断出的 |
| infrastructure | 1 | 基础设施 |
| inspections | 1 | 检查（复数） |
| installed | 1 | 安装（过去分词） |
| instances | 1 | 实例（复数） |
| insurer | 1 | 保险人 |
| interactions | 1 | 互动（复数） |
| invulnerable | 1 | 免疫的 |
| joe | 1 | 乔（人名） |
| join | 1 | 加入 |
| keep | 1 | 保持 |
| kind | 1 | 种类 |
| knowing | 1 | 了解（动名词） |
| knowledge | 1 | 知识 |
| known | 1 | 已知的；被称为 |
| last | 1 | 最后的；持续 |
| lead-up | 1 | 前奏 |
| learn | 1 | 学习 |
| least | 1 | 最少 |
| legal | 1 | 法律的 |
| legendary | 1 | 传奇的 |
| legitimate | 1 | 合理的；合法的 |
| lend | 1 | 借出 |
| lending | 1 | 放贷 |
| libraries | 1 | 图书馆（复数） |
| library | 1 | 图书馆 |
| licenses | 1 | 牌照（复数） |
| light | 1 | 轻的 |
| lighter | 1 | 更轻的 |
| like | 1 | 像；喜欢 |
| likely | 1 | 可能的 |
| longer | 1 | 更久 |
| look | 1 | 看；显得 |
| looming | 1 | 逼近的 |
| lori | 1 | 洛里（人名） |
| lose | 1 | 失去 |
| losses | 1 | 损失（复数） |
| mainly | 1 | 主要地 |
| maintenance | 1 | 维护 |
| making | 1 | 制造（动名词） |
| marine | 1 | 海上的 |
| marketed | 1 | 被推销（过去分词） |
| marketing | 1 | 营销 |
| mary | 1 | 玛丽（人名） |
| mean | 1 | 意味着；吝啬的 |
| meanings | 1 | 含义（复数） |
| means | 1 | 手段；意味着 |
| meet | 1 | 满足 |
| mentioning | 1 | 提及（动名词） |
| met | 1 | 遇见（meet 过去式） |
| minnesota | 1 | 明尼苏达 |
| misunderstood | 1 | 误解（过去式） |
| money-it | 1 | （排版粘连）money — it |
| move | 1 | 移动；搬家 |
| multi-billion | 1 | 数十亿的 |
| national | 1 | 国家的 |
| need | 1 | 需要 |
| needed | 1 | 需要的 |
| needs | 1 | 需求（复数） |
| net | 1 | 网络；净的 |
| nevertheless | 1 | 然而 |
| newly | 1 | 新近 |
| normal | 1 | 正常的 |
| number | 1 | 数字；数量 |
| objection | 1 | 反对 |
| offer | 1 | 提供；提议 |
| older | 1 | 年长的 |
| one | 1 | 一个；一 |
| one-click | 1 | 一键的 |
| opening | 1 | 开放（动名词） |
| opens | 1 | 打开（第三人称单数） |
| operational | 1 | 运营的 |
| optimistic | 1 | 乐观的 |
| option | 1 | 选项 |
| others | 1 | 其他人 |
| outstanding | 1 | 未偿的；杰出的 |
| oversight | 1 | 监督 |
| pages | 1 | 页面（复数） |
| paragraphs | 1 | 段落（复数） |
| particular | 1 | 特定的 |
| particularly | 1 | 尤其 |
| partner | 1 | 伙伴 |
| passed | 1 | 过去（pass 过去式） |
| payment | 1 | 支付 |
| period | 1 | 时期 |
| persons | 1 | 人（复数） |
| plan | 1 | 计划 |
| polices | 1 | （policies 的拼写错误）保单 |
| policy | 1 | 政策 |
| polite | 1 | 礼貌的 |
| poorer | 1 | 更穷的 |
| power | 1 | 权力；力量 |
| precisely | 1 | 精确地 |
| prices | 1 | 价格（复数） |
| printed | 1 | 印刷的 |
| private | 1 | 私人的；私营的 |
| probable | 1 | 可能的 |
| problem | 1 | 问题 |
| problems | 1 | 问题（复数） |
| promises | 1 | 承诺（复数） |
| proportion | 1 | 比例 |
| propose | 1 | 提出 |
| prove | 1 | 证明 |
| provides | 1 | 提供（第三人称单数） |
| providing | 1 | 提供（动名词） |
| purposes | 1 | 用途（复数） |
| pushing | 1 | 推动（动名词） |
| quickly | 1 | 快速地 |
| raised | 1 | 提出（过去式） |
| reasonable | 1 | 合理的 |
| receive | 1 | 收到 |
| recent | 1 | 最近的 |
| recipe | 1 | 配方 |
| recommending | 1 | 推荐（动名词） |
| record | 1 | 创纪录的；记录 |
| reflect | 1 | 反映 |
| reform | 1 | 改革 |
| reforming | 1 | 改革（动名词） |
| regarded | 1 | 被视为 |
| regular | 1 | 定期的 |
| regulate | 1 | 监管 |
| regulated | 1 | 受监管的 |
| regulation | 1 | 监管；法规 |
| regulations | 1 | 法规（复数） |
| regulatory | 1 | 监管的 |
| relationships | 1 | 关系（复数） |
| required | 1 | 要求的 |
| retirement | 1 | 退休 |
| riskier | 1 | 风险更高的 |
| sad | 1 | （原文 said 之误）说 |
| safe | 1 | 安全的 |
| said | 1 | 说（say 过去式） |
| sat | 1 | 坐（sit 过去式） |
| save | 1 | 储蓄 |
| savings | 1 | 储蓄（复数） |
| scary | 1 | 吓人的 |
| seat | 1 | 座位 |
| security | 1 | 安全 |
| senior | 1 | 高级的；年长的 |
| sense | 1 | 感觉；意义 |
| sensitive | 1 | 敏感的 |
| sent | 1 | 发送（send 过去分词） |
| servers | 1 | 服务器（复数） |
| service | 1 | 服务 |
| set | 1 | 设置；一套 |
| shared | 1 | 共享的 |
| sharing | 1 | 分摊；分享 |
| ship | 1 | 船 |
| since | 1 | 自从；因为 |
| smaller | 1 | 更小的 |
| solid | 1 | 可靠的；坚实的 |
| sometimes | 1 | 有时 |
| sort | 1 | 种类 |
| sorts | 1 | 种类（复数） |
| sources | 1 | 来源（复数） |
| speaking | 1 | 说（动名词） |
| speculation | 1 | 投机 |
| speech | 1 | 言语 |
| standards | 1 | 标准（复数） |
| states | 1 | 州（复数）；状态 |
| statistically | 1 | 统计上 |
| store | 1 | 存储；商店 |
| stored | 1 | 存储（过去分词） |
| strong | 1 | 强烈的 |
| struggle | 1 | 挣扎 |
| stupid | 1 | 愚蠢的 |
| sub-prime | 1 | 次级的 |
| subject | 1 | 主题；对象 |
| successfully | 1 | 成功地 |
| supervision | 1 | 监管 |
| supposed | 1 | 被认为的 |
| swanson | 1 | 斯旺森（姓氏） |
| systemically | 1 | 系统性地 |
| table | 1 | 桌子 |
| taxes | 1 | 税（复数） |
| themselves | 1 | 他们自己 |
| think | 1 | 思考 |
| thinks | 1 | 认为（第三人称单数） |
| told | 1 | 告知（tell 过去式） |
| towards | 1 | 朝向 |
| track | 1 | 追踪 |
| two | 1 | 二 |
| unfortunately | 1 | 不幸的是 |
| unnecessary | 1 | 不必要的 |
| unspent | 1 | 未花掉的 |
| until | 1 | 直到 |
| unwilling | 1 | 不愿意的 |
| upon | 1 | 在……之上 |
| useful | 1 | 有用的 |
| valuable | 1 | 有价值的 |
| value | 1 | 价值 |
| vast | 1 | 巨大的 |
| vaults | 1 | 金库（复数） |
| visits | 1 | 访问（复数） |
| way | 1 | 方式；道路 |
| website | 1 | 网站 |
| websites | 1 | 网站（复数） |
| welcomes | 1 | 欢迎（第三人称单数） |
| welcoming | 1 | 欢迎的 |
| went | 1 | 去（go 过去式） |
| whether | 1 | 是否 |
| widely | 1 | 广泛地 |
| withdrawing | 1 | 吊销（动名词） |
| wonder | 1 | 想知道 |
| wooing | 1 | 招揽（动名词） |
| worries | 1 | 担忧（复数） |
| writing | 1 | 写作 |
| year | 1 | 年 |
| years | 1 | 年（复数） |
| yourself | 1 | 你自己 |
二、本篇句型与固定表达
2.1 句型模板
| 结构 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| more … than | 2 | 比……更 |
| be exposed to | 1 | 面临 |
| be subject to | 1 | 受制于、需接受 |
2.2 固定表达
| 短语 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| in other words | 1 | 换言之 |
| on the other hand | 1 | 另一方面 |
| at least | 1 | 至少 |
| fend off | 1 | 挡开、抵御 |
三、原文与译文
篇一｜保险的原理（101–105）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured” and those who administer the pool of contributions as “insurers”.
译｜ 保险就是风险的分摊。几乎人人都面临某种风险。例如，房主知道自己的房产可能被火烧毁；船东知道自己的船可能葬身大海；养家糊口的人知道自己可能早逝，让家人更贫困。但另一方面，并非每栋房子都会失火，也并非每条船都会沉没。如果这些人各拿出一小笔钱放进一个资金池，就足以应付少数真正遭受损失者的需要。换言之，少数人的损失由大家缴纳的钱来弥补。这就是保险的基础。缴纳保费的人称为“被保险人”，管理这笔资金池的人称为“保险人”。
¶2
Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated. The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is a printed form of contract. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a certain sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk actually happens.
译｜ 并非所有风险都能承保。广义上说，普通的商业风险和投机风险不能承保。买方不愿按报价购买货物的风险，不属于可作统计估计的风险；只有能被这样估计的风险才能投保。一切保险的法律基础是“保单”，这是一种印刷形式的合同。它规定：作为被保险人定期缴纳一笔钱（称为“保费”，通常每年缴纳）的回报，若风险实际发生，保险人将支付一笔钱或损失赔偿。
¶3
The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.
译｜ 保单的措辞，尤其是海上保险，常显得非常老派，但这有充分理由。多年来，许多判例被用来厘清保单中含义存疑的措辞。法院已赋予这些措辞明确且无可争议的含义；为避免将来发生争议，即使这些措辞在口语中已不再常用，保单仍继续使用它们。
题目与答案
101. According to this passage, insurance is possible because ________.
A. only a small proportion of the insured suffer loss B. everyone at some time suffers loss C. nearly everyone suffers loss D. only insured people suffer loss
答案 A｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶1 “not every house… nor every vessel”｜陷阱：只有少数人受损，保险才可行；B/C 与原文相反
102. The phrase “the pool of contributions” in the first paragraph means ________.
A. the money paid by the insurers B. the cost of administering insurance C. the money paid by the insured D. the amount of each premium
答案 C｜题型：词义（画线短语）｜定位：¶1 “put a small sum into a pool… administer the pool of contributions”｜陷阱：pool＝被保险人交的钱，不是保险人的钱
103. The insurance of businesses' ordinary risks is not possible because ________.
A. such risks are very expensive B. such risks cannot be estimated precisely C. such risks are too high D. the premium would be too high
答案 B｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶2 “can only be insured against if they can be so estimated”｜陷阱：不能统计估计 → 不能承保
104. Old-fashioned wording is sometimes used in insurance policies because ________.
A. law courts have decided not to use fashionable words B. it is widely accepted by all the insured C. it enables ordinary people to understand it easily D. the meaning of such wording has been agreed upon
答案 D｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶3 “to avoid future disputes… definite meaning”｜陷阱：老措辞是因为含义已被判例确定
105. It seems that the author thinks the insurance is ________.
A. a form of gambling B. a way of making money quickly C. useful and necessary D. old-fashioned
答案 C｜题型：态度｜定位：¶1 “This is the basis of insurance”｜陷阱：作者认为保险有用且必要，不是赌博
篇二｜反向抵押贷款的乱象（106–110）
原文 / 译文
¶1
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said to be riddled with problems.
译｜ 本该帮助老年人留在家中的贷款，在很多情况下反而把他们赶出了家门。反向抵押贷款允许 62 岁及以上的房主以房屋价值作抵押借钱，直到搬走或去世才需偿还；这类贷款长期以来被指问题丛生。
¶2
Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs. Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks.
译｜ 如今，随着大型银行退出后规模较小的抵押贷款经纪商（包括此前的次级贷款机构）涌入市场，以及贷款违约率创下新高，联邦与州监管机构正在记录新的违规案例。一些贷款机构积极向无力承担相关费用的老年人推销，却不提房产税和维护开销。另一些则用“这是免费的钱、可以拿来圆梦”的承诺吸引老人，却不清楚说明风险。
¶3
Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died. Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.
译｜ 一些寡妇被施压不要在合同上写自己的名字，却没人告诉她们：丈夫去世后，她们可能面临房屋被收回。如今，随着庞大的婴儿潮一代进入退休、越来越多老人储蓄缩水，新成立的消费者金融保护局正在制定新规，可能意味着对消费者更充分的信息披露、对贷款机构更严格的监管。
¶4
More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government. Concerns about the multi-billion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis, when consumers were marketed loans — often carrying hidden risks — that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regard to suitability,” said Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
译｜ 据联邦政府统计，此类未偿贷款超过 77.5 万笔。对这项数十亿美元规模的反向抵押贷款市场的担忧，与金融危机前夕的担忧如出一辙——当时消费者被推销了常常暗藏风险、自己根本负担不起的贷款。“有许多相同的危险信号，包括爆炸式增长，以及这些贷款往往不顾适用性而大力推销，”正在推动该市场改革的明尼苏达州总检察长洛里·斯旺森说。
题目与答案
106. What can we learn about mortgage loans from the first paragraph?
A. The loans are expected to help seniors stay in their homes. B. The loans are driving all seniors out of their homes. C. The reverse mortgage only welcomes seniors. D. Any senior can apply for reverse mortgages.
答案 A｜题型：细节｜定位：¶1 “supposed to help seniors stay… pushing them out”｜陷阱：首句即“本意帮忙、实际赶人”；B 的 all 绝对化
107. Which is true about the problem of reverse mortgage?
A. Some lenders are unwilling to lend money to seniors. B. The borrowers cannot pay back the money as expected. C. Federal and state regulators are documenting the objection. D. Some lenders go bankrupt.
答案 B｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶2 “defaults on the loans hit record highs”｜陷阱：违约创新高＝借款人还不上
108. The phrase “facing foreclosure” most probably implies ________.
A. the widows are pressured to lose their own names B. the widows may be forced to leave their homes C. the widows have misunderstood the reverse mortgage D. the widows do not know what their long-desired things are
答案 B｜题型：词义（画线短语）｜定位：¶3 “left facing foreclosure after their husbands died”｜陷阱：习语＝被迫失去房子
109. Which is true about the new rules from Consumer Financial Protection Bureau?
A. The rules are good for lenders while bad for borrowers. B. The rules will help baby boomer seniors to save money. C. The rules will help consumers better understand reverse mortgage. D. The rules will be stricter for consumers.
答案 C｜题型：细节｜定位：¶3 “better disclosure for consumers”｜陷阱：新规帮消费者看懂产品，不是帮存钱
110. The “red flags” of reverse mortgage don't include ________.
A. explosive growth B. the reform of reverse mortgage market C. little consideration to suitability D. aggressive and improper marketing
答案 B｜题型：细节·选非｜定位：¶4 “explosive growth… advertised aggressively… regard to suitability”｜陷阱：改革市场是应对之举，不是“危险信号”
篇三｜Cookie 与 Alexa：谁在收集你（111–115）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Imagine you went to a restaurant with your girlfriend, had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, “Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?” Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and placed on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. Sound a little bizarre?
译｜ 想象你和女友去一家餐厅，吃了个汉堡，刷卡离开。下次你再去，服务员拿着你的资料打招呼：“嘿，乔，你好吗？玛丽就在那边，坐你上次的位子。要不要再和她共进晚餐？”接着你发现你的汉堡已经做好、摆上桌了。别管你这次是跟别人约会、还在节食不吃汉堡这回事。听起来有点诡异吧？
¶2
To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you — some of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a “cookie”? Unfortunately, it's not the Mrs. Field's recipe. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer — usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about yourself, including where you visit, how long you stay there, and how frequently you return to certain pages.
译｜ 在有些人看来，这就是互联网版的餐厅。网络通过你访问网站、与网站互动来给你“画像”，为营销者提供了关于你的海量数据——其中有些你可能并不想让他们掌握。你意识到几乎每次访问网站都会收到一个“cookie”吗？可惜那不是菲尔兹夫人的曲奇配方。互联网上的 cookie 是网站发到你电脑上的一段计算机代码，通常在你不知情的情况下。你停留在该网站的全部时间里，cookie 都在收集你的信息：你去了哪里、待了多久、多频繁地回到某些页面。
¶3
While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren't even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexa — named after the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt — does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your web activities, such as which site you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on advertisements, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you.
译｜ 这听起来够吓人了，可 cookie 甚至还不是最新技术。一个名为 I-librarian Alexa 的新系统——以公元前三世纪埃及亚历山大的传奇图书馆命名——做得更多。cookie 只追踪你在一个网站上的行为，Alexa 则收集你所有网络活动的数据：你接下来访问哪个网站、待多久、是否点击广告等等。所有这些信息都提供给营销者，供他们更有效地向你营销。
¶4
Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don't even know that you are giving it.
译｜ 你提供这些信息不但没有报酬，很可能根本不知道自己正在提供。
题目与答案
111. In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ________.
A. stupid B. polite C. considerate D. annoying
答案 D｜题型：推断·态度｜定位：¶1 “Forget the fact that you are with another date”｜陷阱：服务生自作主张 → 令人厌烦
112. The author makes up the restaurant story in order to ________.
A. show the good services offered in some web restaurants B. criticize some restaurants for the poor services C. show the Internet's ability to collect data on you D. prove the incredible power of the Internet to change your diet
答案 C｜题型：写作目的｜定位：¶2 “restaurant equivalent of the Internet”｜陷阱：故事是为了展示网络收集数据的能力
113. What can be learned about “cookie”?
A. It was created by Mrs. Field. B. It collects information on you usually without you knowing it. C. It is a hardware needed to access to your computer. D. It is the latest in technology.
答案 B｜题型：细节｜定位：¶2 “usually without your knowledge”｜陷阱：D 与“aren't even the latest”矛盾
114. What can be learned about “Alexa”?
A. Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt. B. Alexa is installed in libraries. C. Alexa can provide all the necessary information about history. D. Alexa can provide more data to marketers than a cookie.
答案 D｜题型：细节｜定位：¶3 “does even more… collects data on all your web activities”｜陷阱：A 把“图书馆”误成“英雄”，C 的 all 绝对化
115. Which of the following can best reflect the author's attitude towards cookies and Alexa?
A. Doubtful. B. Approving. C. Welcoming. D. Optimistic.
答案 A｜题型：态度｜定位：¶3–4 “scary”“not paid… don't even know”｜陷阱：作者对二者持怀疑态度
篇四｜PSD2：把银行数据打开（116–120）
原文 / 译文
¶1
The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2. The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat.
译｜ 银行服务器上存储的数据，比金库里的黄金更值钱。银行对数据的垄断，让它们得以在服务不佳的情况下蒙混过关、并挡住竞争者。至少在欧洲，这一切即将因一套名为 PSD2 的新规而改变。新规将迫使银行便捷地与持牌第三方共享数据。欧洲的银行家抱怨，他们的利润和客户关系正受到威胁。
¶2
However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition. New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan. Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial data being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks. And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
译｜ 然而，开放银行及其存储的数据，对消费者和竞争都有好处。新的服务提供者将更有条件提供各种创新服务，比如一键把每月结余存入养老金计划。不过，对 PSD2 的一些担忧也合情合理。尤其是，敏感金融数据与第三方共享会带来怎样的隐私与安全影响，值得追问。但银行自身也并非对网络攻击免疫。而欧洲监管机构为应对这些担忧提出的方案看起来颇有希望：想使用银行数据的第三方，必须让本国监管机构相信其数据防护足够可靠，并接受年度监管检查。
¶3
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves.
译｜ 制定规则与落实规则之间，差距总是很大。第一，必须明确获得客户同意开放其银行数据，并清楚说明数据用途。第二，监管机构必须非常强硬：既确保银行开放基础设施，也吊销违规第三方的牌照。第三，监管机构还必须足够灵活，随市场演进而允许调整。
¶4
Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities — such as lending money — it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
译｜ 由于新进入者不会被授权从事放贷等风险更高的金融活动，对它们实行较轻的监管是合理的。但如果某些金融科技提供商最终变得具有系统重要性，可能就需要更高的监管标准。
题目与答案
116. According to the first two paragraphs, what will banks in Europe be forced to do?
A. To keep clients' data safe. B. To close down the poor services. C. To give up their data monopoly. D. To disclose their sources of profits.
答案 C｜题型：细节｜定位：¶1 “compel banks to share data… with licensed third parties”｜陷阱：被迫放弃数据垄断，不是“保护数据”
117. What can be inferred from passage on the effects of PSD2 in the second paragraph?
A. Customers are more likely to enjoy more innovative services. B. People will no longer go to banks to deposit their money. C. Service providers do not want to partner with banks. D. People will receive more pension.
答案 A｜题型：细节·推断｜定位：¶2 “one-click option to put unspent income into a pension plan”｜陷阱：创新服务增多 → 消费者受益
118. According to paragraph 3, what is the probable reason that privacy concerns about PSD2 are unnecessary?
A. Third parties will have to buy fraud insurance. B. Regulators have come up with promising solutions. C. Banks' defense against cyber attacks is strong. D. Third parties will check clients' data monthly.
答案 B｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶2 “solutions… look promising… annual inspections”｜陷阱：监管方案有希望，故担忧可缓解
119. Which of the following is true in order to successfully implement PSD2?
A. Customers are forced to share their bank data. B. Banks are required to open up their entire operational system. C. Regulators should be both tough and flexible. D. Banks and third parties should be regulated with a light touch.
答案 C｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶3 “tough… flexible”｜陷阱：D 的 light touch 只针对新进入者
120. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Challenges facing European regulators. B. A new regulation in Europe that opens banks to competition. C. The solutions to the flawed banking system in Europe. D. A looming threat to customers' private bank data.
答案 B｜题型：主旨｜定位：¶1–2 “opening up banks… good for consumers and competition”｜陷阱：讲欧洲新规让银行走向竞争，不是“威胁”