2023 金管局英语阅读 · 词汇 → 句型 → 原文译文
顺序说明：先看本篇词汇（含 20 道题干与选项中的词），再看句型句式，最后读原文译文；题目与答案随每篇放在译文之后 词汇口径：4 篇原文＋20 题的实词去重，按篇内出现次数降序，共 803 个；虚词（the/of/to 等）不列 配套：全量词表
词汇表-全量释义.md｜总索引00-总索引.md
一、本篇词汇（803 个）
| 词 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| ceos | 19 | 首席执行官（复数） |
| bankruptcy | 15 | 破产 |
| pay | 15 | 支付；薪酬 |
| reading | 14 | 阅读 |
| credit | 13 | 信用；信贷 |
| paragraph | 10 | 段落 |
| people | 10 | 人们 |
| employees | 9 | 员工（复数） |
| high | 9 | 高的 |
| unemployment | 9 | 失业 |
| anxiety | 8 | 焦虑 |
| card | 8 | 卡 |
| greater | 8 | 更大的 |
| symptoms | 8 | 症状（复数） |
| boards | 7 | 董事会（复数） |
| financial | 7 | 财政的；金融的 |
| following | 7 | 接下来的 |
| make | 7 | 使；制造 |
| technology | 7 | 技术 |
| act | 6 | 行动；法案；表演 |
| average | 6 | 平均的 |
| companies | 6 | 公司（复数） |
| filings | 6 | 申请；备案（复数） |
| new | 6 | 新的 |
| one | 6 | 一个；一 |
| rate | 6 | 比率；速度 |
| researchers | 6 | 研究者（复数） |
| study | 6 | 研究；学习 |
| ability | 5 | 能力 |
| compensation | 5 | 薪酬；补偿 |
| corporate | 5 | 公司的；企业的 |
| debtors | 5 | 债务人（复数） |
| depression | 5 | 抑郁 |
| effect | 5 | 影响；效果 |
| get | 5 | 得到；变得 |
| health | 5 | 健康 |
| long | 5 | 长的；长久 |
| many | 5 | 许多 |
| rates | 5 | 比率；利率（复数） |
| readers | 5 | 读者（复数） |
| states | 5 | 州（复数）；状态 |
| united | 5 | 联合的 |
| world | 5 | 世界 |
| able | 4 | 能够的 |
| according | 4 | 根据（according to） |
| book | 4 | 书 |
| chapter | 4 | 章 |
| concern | 4 | 担忧；涉及 |
| covid | 4 | 新冠（COVID-19） |
| debt | 4 | 债务 |
| debts | 4 | 债务（复数） |
| employers | 4 | 雇主（复数） |
| face | 4 | 面对；脸 |
| findings | 4 | 发现（复数） |
| great | 4 | 巨大的；伟大的 |
| income | 4 | 收入 |
| insecurity | 4 | 不安全感 |
| job | 4 | 工作；职位 |
| mental | 4 | 心理的 |
| paid | 4 | 支付（pay 过去式/过去分词） |
| participants | 4 | 参与者（复数） |
| repay | 4 | 偿还 |
| since | 4 | 自从；因为 |
| stock | 4 | 股票；库存 |
| tend | 4 | 倾向于 |
| traditional | 4 | 传统的 |
| writing | 4 | 写作 |
| allow | 3 | 允许 |
| asked | 3 | 问（ask 过去式） |
| author | 3 | 作者 |
| bankrupt | 3 | 破产的 |
| books | 3 | 书（复数） |
| borrowing | 3 | 借贷 |
| cards | 3 | 卡（复数） |
| ceo | 3 | 首席执行官 |
| concerns | 3 | 担忧（复数） |
| creating | 3 | 创造（动名词） |
| despite | 3 | 尽管 |
| economy | 3 | 经济 |
| employment | 3 | 就业 |
| executive | 3 | 高管；执行的 |
| experience | 3 | 经验；经历 |
| experts | 3 | 专家（复数） |
| filed | 3 | 申请（过去式） |
| forces | 3 | 力量（复数）；迫使 |
| klinger | 3 | 克林格（人名） |
| last | 3 | 最后的；持续 |
| like | 3 | 像；喜欢 |
| line | 3 | 线；行 |
| mainly | 3 | 主要地 |
| million | 3 | 百万 |
| novels | 3 | 小说（复数） |
| offer | 3 | 提供；提议 |
| pandemic | 3 | 大流行病 |
| passage | 3 | 文章 |
| performance | 3 | 业绩；表现 |
| play | 3 | 玩；起作用 |
| possible | 3 | 可能的 |
| provide | 3 | 提供 |
| radio | 3 | 广播 |
| responsible | 3 | 负责的 |
| rise | 3 | 上升 |
| sentence | 3 | 句子 |
| situation | 3 | 情况 |
| stocks | 3 | 股票（复数） |
| surveys | 3 | 调查（复数） |
| time | 3 | 时间；次数 |
| times | 3 | 时代；次数 |
| two | 3 | 二 |
| way | 3 | 方式；道路 |
| well | 3 | 好；很好地 |
| workers | 3 | 工人（复数） |
| write | 3 | 写 |
| year | 3 | 年 |
| years | 3 | 年（复数） |
| acts | 2 | 法案（复数）；行为 |
| amended | 2 | 修订（过去式） |
| anxious | 2 | 焦虑的 |
| associated | 2 | 相关的 |
| avoid | 2 | 避免 |
| barely | 2 | 几乎不 |
| based | 2 | 基于 |
| borrower | 2 | 借款人 |
| business | 2 | 商业；生意 |
| call | 2 | 称为；打电话 |
| cardholders | 2 | 持卡人（复数） |
| century | 2 | 世纪 |
| changes | 2 | 变化（复数） |
| changing | 2 | 变化的 |
| charge | 2 | 收费；指控 |
| cited | 2 | 列为（过去式） |
| civilization | 2 | 文明 |
| committees | 2 | 委员会（复数） |
| consultants | 2 | 咨询公司（复数） |
| convenience | 2 | 便利 |
| corporation | 2 | 公司 |
| country | 2 | 国家；乡村 |
| cream | 2 | 奶油 |
| crisis | 2 | 危机 |
| crop | 2 | 作物 |
| danger | 2 | 危险 |
| decades | 2 | 几十年（复数） |
| decision | 2 | 决定 |
| depressive | 2 | 抑郁的 |
| describe | 2 | 描述 |
| directly | 2 | 直接地 |
| directors | 2 | 董事（复数） |
| don't | 2 | 不 |
| easy | 2 | 容易的 |
| economic | 2 | 经济的 |
| effectiveness | 2 | 有效性 |
| effort | 2 | 努力 |
| efforts | 2 | 努力（复数） |
| employed | 2 | 雇佣（过去式） |
| end | 2 | 结束；末端 |
| environmental | 2 | 环境的 |
| executives | 2 | 高管（复数） |
| expected | 2 | 预期的 |
| experiencing | 2 | 经历（动名词） |
| fact | 2 | 事实 |
| factors | 2 | 因素（复数） |
| family | 2 | 家庭 |
| far | 2 | 远的；远 |
| fast | 2 | 快的 |
| feelings | 2 | 感受（复数） |
| feels | 2 | 感觉（第三人称单数） |
| filers | 2 | 申请人（复数） |
| first | 2 | 第一；首先 |
| focus | 2 | 聚焦；焦点 |
| forward | 2 | 向前 |
| found | 2 | 发现（find 过去式）；建立 |
| free | 2 | 自由的；免费的 |
| gambling | 2 | 博彩 |
| garrison | 2 | 加里森（人名） |
| good | 2 | 好的；利益 |
| greatly | 2 | 大大地 |
| growth | 2 | 增长 |
| highest | 2 | 最高的 |
| holders | 2 | 持有人（复数） |
| idea | 2 | 主旨；想法 |
| impact | 2 | 影响 |
| impersonality | 2 | 非人格化 |
| including | 2 | 包括 |
| industry | 2 | 行业；工业 |
| influence | 2 | 影响 |
| influences | 2 | 影响（复数） |
| interconnectivity | 2 | 互联性 |
| internet | 2 | 互联网 |
| investment | 2 | 投资 |
| junk | 2 | 垃圾 |
| lake | 2 | 湖（Lake Wobegon） |
| law | 2 | 法律 |
| legal | 2 | 法律的 |
| level | 2 | 水平 |
| levels | 2 | 水平（复数） |
| links | 2 | 链接（复数） |
| literate | 2 | 识字的 |
| little | 2 | 少的；小的 |
| lose | 2 | 失去 |
| 2 | 邮件 | |
| market | 2 | 市场 |
| medical | 2 | 医疗的 |
| modern | 2 | 现代的 |
| money | 2 | 钱；货币 |
| months | 2 | 月（复数） |
| moral | 2 | 道德的 |
| national | 2 | 国家的 |
| need | 2 | 需要 |
| next | 2 | 下一个；接下来 |
| notes | 2 | 指出（第三人称单数）；笔记 |
| opportunistic | 2 | 投机的 |
| pandemics | 2 | 大流行（复数） |
| past | 2 | 过去的；过去 |
| percent | 2 | 百分之…… |
| physical | 2 | 身体的；物理的 |
| possibility | 2 | 可能性 |
| previous | 2 | 先前的 |
| probably | 2 | 可能 |
| profit | 2 | 利润 |
| public | 2 | 公共的；公众 |
| put | 2 | 放；使 |
| reason | 2 | 原因 |
| reduce | 2 | 减少 |
| reform | 2 | 改革 |
| result | 2 | 结果 |
| scott | 2 | 斯科特（人名） |
| secure | 2 | 保障（动词） |
| shareholders | 2 | 股东（复数） |
| single | 2 | 单一的 |
| skeel | 2 | 斯基尔（人名） |
| social | 2 | 社会的 |
| society | 2 | 社会 |
| standard | 2 | 标准的 |
| supreme | 2 | 最高的 |
| survived | 2 | 幸存（过去式） |
| th | 2 | （序数词后缀残留，忽略） |
| throughout | 2 | 遍及 |
| today | 2 | 今天；当今 |
| troubles | 2 | 困境（复数） |
| true | 2 | 真的；真实的 |
| 2 | 推特 | |
| uncertainty | 2 | 不确定性 |
| unemployed | 2 | 失业者（复数） |
| university | 2 | 大学 |
| value | 2 | 价值 |
| ways | 2 | 方式（复数） |
| went | 2 | 去（go 过去式） |
| wobegon | 2 | 沃比冈（湖名） |
| work | 2 | 工作；起作用 |
| worried | 2 | 担心（过去分词） |
| worry | 2 | 担心 |
| abuse | 1 | 滥用；虐待 |
| accounting | 1 | 计入（accounting for） |
| across | 1 | 横跨；遍及 |
| actually | 1 | 实际上 |
| advantages | 1 | 优势（复数） |
| adverse | 1 | 不利的 |
| advertise | 1 | 做广告 |
| advice | 1 | 建议 |
| advised | 1 | 建议（过去式） |
| afford | 1 | 负担得起 |
| agency | 1 | 机构 |
| agree | 1 | 同意 |
| allowed | 1 | 允许（过去式） |
| allowing | 1 | 允许（动名词） |
| allows | 1 | 允许（第三人称单数） |
| already | 1 | 已经 |
| always | 1 | 总是 |
| american | 1 | 美国的；美国人 |
| anew | 1 | 重新 |
| annual | 1 | 年度的 |
| anymore | 1 | 不再 |
| anything | 1 | 任何东西 |
| apiece | 1 | 每个 |
| apparently | 1 | 显然 |
| april | 1 | 四月 |
| arguably | 1 | 可以说 |
| argue | 1 | 主张；争论 |
| aroused | 1 | 引发（过去式） |
| arrange | 1 | 安排 |
| arrival | 1 | 出现 |
| asking | 1 | 询问（动名词） |
| assets | 1 | 资产（复数） |
| associations | 1 | 关联（复数） |
| assume | 1 | 假定 |
| attempt | 1 | 尝试 |
| attention | 1 | 注意力 |
| attitudes | 1 | 态度（复数） |
| author's | 1 | 作者的 |
| authorities | 1 | 当局（复数） |
| averaging | 1 | 平均为 |
| bank | 1 | 银行 |
| bankers | 1 | 银行家（复数） |
| became | 1 | 变成（become 过去式） |
| behavior | 1 | 行为 |
| behavioral | 1 | 行为的 |
| belief | 1 | 信念 |
| believe | 1 | 相信 |
| best | 1 | 最好的 |
| biggest | 1 | 最大的 |
| bills | 1 | 账单（复数） |
| blame | 1 | 责任 |
| bosses | 1 | 老板（复数） |
| boston | 1 | 波士顿 |
| briefly | 1 | 简要地 |
| brought | 1 | 带来（bring 过去式） |
| can't | 1 | 不能 |
| care | 1 | 关心 |
| careful | 1 | 小心的 |
| cash | 1 | 现金 |
| cause | 1 | 导致；原因 |
| challenge | 1 | 挑战 |
| challenges | 1 | 挑战（复数） |
| challenging | 1 | 具有挑战性的 |
| change | 1 | 变化；改变 |
| charged | 1 | 指控（过去式） |
| chief | 1 | 首席的 |
| children | 1 | 儿童（复数） |
| claimed | 1 | 声称（过去式） |
| closest | 1 | 最接近的 |
| comes | 1 | 来（第三人称单数） |
| committal | 1 | 表态（non-committal） |
| communications | 1 | 通信（复数） |
| companion | 1 | 伴侣 |
| company | 1 | 公司 |
| competent | 1 | 擅长的 |
| complete | 1 | 完全的；完成 |
| concentration | 1 | 专注 |
| concerning | 1 | 关于 |
| conclude | 1 | 得出结论 |
| conditions | 1 | 条件（复数） |
| conducted | 1 | 进行（过去式） |
| confusing | 1 | 混乱的 |
| connectivity | 1 | 连接 |
| consequences | 1 | 后果（复数） |
| consumer | 1 | 消费者 |
| consumers | 1 | 消费者（复数） |
| content | 1 | 含量 |
| continue | 1 | 继续 |
| continues | 1 | 继续（第三人称单数） |
| contributors | 1 | 推手（复数） |
| control | 1 | 控制 |
| convenient | 1 | 方便的 |
| corporation's | 1 | 公司的 |
| corporations | 1 | 公司（复数） |
| counter | 1 | 反驳 |
| courageous | 1 | 勇敢的 |
| course | 1 | 课程；过程 |
| court | 1 | 法院 |
| court's | 1 | 法院的 |
| cripple | 1 | 削弱 |
| critical | 1 | 关键的；批评的 |
| culture | 1 | 文化 |
| curb | 1 | 遏制 |
| cuts | 1 | 降薪（复数） |
| dakota | 1 | 达科他 |
| david | 1 | 戴维（人名） |
| day | 1 | 天；日子 |
| dead | 1 | 完全（dead wrong 大错特错） |
| deal | 1 | 交易；处理 |
| death | 1 | 死亡 |
| decided | 1 | 决定（过去式） |
| decline | 1 | 下降 |
| decrease | 1 | 减少 |
| deep | 1 | 深的 |
| defenders | 1 | 辩护者（复数） |
| delaware | 1 | 特拉华 |
| demand | 1 | 需求；要求 |
| demographics | 1 | 人口学特征（复数） |
| demonstrate | 1 | 证明；展示 |
| demonstrating | 1 | 证明（动名词） |
| deserve | 1 | 应得 |
| design | 1 | 设计 |
| designed | 1 | 设计的 |
| destroy | 1 | 摧毁 |
| developments | 1 | 事态（复数） |
| devices | 1 | 设备（复数） |
| digests | 1 | 摘要（复数） |
| digital | 1 | 数字的 |
| direction | 1 | 方向 |
| disappear | 1 | 消失 |
| disappointing | 1 | 令人失望的 |
| discharge | 1 | 免除 |
| disease | 1 | 疾病 |
| disruptions | 1 | 冲击（复数） |
| doing | 1 | 做（动名词） |
| doom | 1 | 末日 |
| doubtful | 1 | 存疑的 |
| drove | 1 | 驱使（drive 过去式） |
| due | 1 | 到期的；由于 |
| dynamic | 1 | 动态的 |
| easier | 1 | 更容易 |
| easily | 1 | 容易地 |
| edge | 1 | 边缘（on edge 烦躁） |
| effects | 1 | 影响（复数） |
| electronic | 1 | 电子的 |
| employee | 1 | 员工 |
| ensure | 1 | 确保 |
| entire | 1 | 整个的 |
| environmentally | 1 | 环保地 |
| epidemics | 1 | 流行病（复数） |
| especially | 1 | 尤其 |
| estimated | 1 | 估计的 |
| europe | 1 | 欧洲 |
| evaluate | 1 | 评估 |
| ever | 1 | 曾经；永远 |
| everything | 1 | 一切 |
| evidently | 1 | 显然 |
| examination | 1 | 考试；检查 |
| example | 1 | 例子 |
| except | 1 | 除……之外 |
| executive's | 1 | 高管的 |
| expands | 1 | 扩大（第三人称单数） |
| expenditure | 1 | 开支 |
| experienced | 1 | 经历（过去式）；有经验的 |
| experiences | 1 | 经历（复数） |
| explanation | 1 | 解释 |
| explore | 1 | 探究 |
| extent | 1 | 程度 |
| 1 | 脸书（公司名） | |
| facing | 1 | 面对（动名词） |
| factor | 1 | 因素 |
| factory | 1 | 工厂 |
| fair | 1 | 公平的 |
| falling | 1 | 下降的 |
| famous | 1 | 著名的 |
| fashionable | 1 | 时髦的 |
| fear | 1 | 恐惧 |
| feature | 1 | 特点 |
| february | 1 | 二月 |
| feel | 1 | 感觉 |
| feeling | 1 | 感觉（动名词） |
| file | 1 | 申请 |
| filing | 1 | 申请（动名词） |
| financially | 1 | 财务上 |
| finds | 1 | 发现（第三人称单数） |
| firing | 1 | 解雇（动名词） |
| flourished | 1 | 繁荣（过去式） |
| followers | 1 | 粉丝（复数） |
| food | 1 | 食物 |
| forty | 1 | 四十 |
| foundation | 1 | 基金会 |
| four | 1 | 四 |
| fragmentation | 1 | 碎片化 |
| freedom | 1 | 自由 |
| friendliness | 1 | 友好 |
| friendly | 1 | 友好的 |
| fueled | 1 | 助推（过去式） |
| fueling | 1 | 助推（动名词） |
| fully | 1 | 完全地 |
| function | 1 | 功能；运作 |
| future | 1 | 未来 |
| general | 1 | 总的；一般的 |
| generally | 1 | 通常 |
| generate | 1 | 创造 |
| generous | 1 | 宽松的 |
| gets | 1 | 得到（第三人称单数） |
| getting | 1 | 得到（动名词） |
| give | 1 | 给 |
| global | 1 | 全球的 |
| got | 1 | 得到（get 过去式） |
| government | 1 | 政府 |
| grant | 1 | 资助 |
| group | 1 | 群体；集团 |
| growing | 1 | 增长的 |
| gutenberg's | 1 | 古腾堡的 |
| hand | 1 | 手 |
| hands | 1 | 手（复数） |
| happening | 1 | 发生（动名词） |
| hard | 1 | 困难的；努力地 |
| harvard | 1 | 哈佛 |
| helped | 1 | 帮助（help 过去式） |
| higher | 1 | 更高的 |
| historical | 1 | 历史的 |
| history | 1 | 历史 |
| home | 1 | 家；住宅 |
| hope | 1 | 希望 |
| hours | 1 | 小时（复数） |
| housing | 1 | 住房；住宅 |
| huge | 1 | 巨大的 |
| identify | 1 | 识别 |
| illness | 1 | 疾病 |
| illustrate | 1 | 说明 |
| illustrations | 1 | 插图（复数） |
| imaginable | 1 | 可想象的 |
| imagination | 1 | 想象力 |
| imaginative | 1 | 富有想象力的 |
| imagine | 1 | 想象 |
| imminent | 1 | 迫近的 |
| impaired | 1 | 损害（过去式） |
| imperative | 1 | 义务 |
| implementation | 1 | 执行 |
| implies | 1 | 暗示（第三人称单数） |
| important | 1 | 重要的 |
| importantly | 1 | 重要地 |
| incapable | 1 | 无法 |
| include | 1 | 包括 |
| incorporated | 1 | 注册（过去式） |
| incorporation | 1 | 注册 |
| increased | 1 | 增加的 |
| increasing | 1 | 增加的 |
| indebted | 1 | 负债的 |
| independent | 1 | 独立的 |
| indicate | 1 | 表明 |
| individuals | 1 | 个人（复数） |
| infected | 1 | 感染的 |
| inhibited | 1 | 抑制（过去式） |
| injury | 1 | 受伤 |
| instilling | 1 | 灌输（动名词） |
| insurance | 1 | 保险 |
| interest | 1 | 兴趣；利息；利益 |
| interpersonal | 1 | 人际的 |
| interviews | 1 | 采访（复数） |
| invention | 1 | 发明 |
| investigation | 1 | 调查 |
| investor | 1 | 投资者 |
| ironic | 1 | 反讽的 |
| issue | 1 | 问题；议题 |
| issues | 1 | 问题（复数） |
| it's | 1 | 它是 |
| jobs | 1 | 工作（复数） |
| johannes | 1 | 约翰内斯（人名） |
| joking | 1 | 开玩笑（动名词） |
| journal | 1 | 期刊 |
| judgement | 1 | 判断力 |
| keeps | 1 | 使保持（第三人称单数） |
| keillor | 1 | 凯勒（人名） |
| keillor's | 1 | 凯勒的 |
| kindle | 1 | Kindle（阅读器） |
| know | 1 | 知道 |
| knowledge | 1 | 知识 |
| lack | 1 | 缺乏 |
| large | 1 | 大的 |
| largest | 1 | 最大的 |
| latest | 1 | 最新的 |
| lavish | 1 | 丰厚的 |
| lawyers | 1 | 律师（复数） |
| layoffs | 1 | 裁员（复数） |
| lays | 1 | 规定（lays down） |
| lead | 1 | 领先；引导 |
| least | 1 | 最少 |
| legalize | 1 | 使合法化 |
| lending | 1 | 放贷 |
| length | 1 | 长度 |
| let | 1 | 让 |
| limited | 1 | 有限的 |
| lines | 1 | 台词；线路（复数） |
| linked | 1 | 关联的 |
| list | 1 | 清单；列出 |
| literature | 1 | 文学 |
| loss | 1 | 损失 |
| lost | 1 | 丢失（lose 过去式） |
| lot | 1 | 大量 |
| mails | 1 | 邮件（复数） |
| main | 1 | 主要的 |
| maintain | 1 | 维持 |
| makes | 1 | 使；制造（第三人称单数） |
| making | 1 | 制造（动名词） |
| march | 1 | 三月 |
| material | 1 | 材料 |
| mean | 1 | 意味着；吝啬的 |
| meaning | 1 | 含义 |
| means | 1 | 手段；意味着 |
| medicine | 1 | 医学 |
| mentioned | 1 | 提到的 |
| mere | 1 | 区区 |
| met | 1 | 遇见（meet 过去式） |
| mid | 1 | 中旬（mid-April） |
| mindful | 1 | 留意的 |
| minimize | 1 | 尽量减少 |
| modified | 1 | 修改（过去分词） |
| morality | 1 | 道德 |
| mount | 1 | 增加 |
| movies | 1 | 电影（复数） |
| mr | 1 | 先生 |
| multimodal | 1 | 多模态的 |
| needs | 1 | 需求（复数） |
| nervous | 1 | 紧张的 |
| non | 1 | 不 |
| none | 1 | 没有一个 |
| note | 1 | 指出（动词） |
| nothing | 1 | 没有什么 |
| number | 1 | 数字；数量 |
| nursing | 1 | 护理 |
| obligations | 1 | 义务（复数） |
| occupational | 1 | 职业的 |
| october | 1 | 十月 |
| offering | 1 | 提供（动名词） |
| offers | 1 | 提供（第三人称单数） |
| officer | 1 | 官员 |
| officers | 1 | 官员（复数） |
| often | 1 | 经常 |
| online | 1 | 在线的 |
| opportunities | 1 | 机会（复数） |
| opportunity | 1 | 机会 |
| opposite | 1 | 相反的 |
| opted | 1 | 选择（过去式） |
| options | 1 | 选择（复数） |
| order | 1 | 顺序；命令；秩序 |
| organization | 1 | 组织 |
| overburdened | 1 | 负担过重 |
| packages | 1 | 方案（复数） |
| paper | 1 | 纸；论文 |
| paragraphs | 1 | 段落（复数） |
| part | 1 | 部分 |
| partial | 1 | 部分的 |
| particularly | 1 | 尤其 |
| peace | 1 | 和平（War and Peace） |
| penniless | 1 | 身无分文的 |
| pennsylvania | 1 | 宾夕法尼亚 |
| person | 1 | 人 |
| personal | 1 | 个人的 |
| petitions | 1 | 申请（复数） |
| philosophy | 1 | 哲学 |
| photographs | 1 | 照片（复数） |
| pictures | 1 | 图片（复数） |
| pointed | 1 | 指出（过去式） |
| policymakers | 1 | 决策者（复数） |
| poor | 1 | 贫穷的；差的 |
| poor's | 1 | 穷人的 |
| poorly | 1 | 表现差地 |
| popular | 1 | 流行的；受欢迎的 |
| potential | 1 | 潜在的；潜力 |
| powerful | 1 | 强大的 |
| practice | 1 | 做法；练习 |
| practices | 1 | 做法（复数） |
| prairie | 1 | 草原（A Prairie Home Companion） |
| press | 1 | 出版社；新闻界 |
| pressed | 1 | 施压（过去分词） |
| prevention | 1 | 防止 |
| prices | 1 | 价格（复数） |
| printing | 1 | 印刷 |
| problems | 1 | 问题（复数） |
| professor | 1 | 教授 |
| profitable | 1 | 有利可图的 |
| profits | 1 | 利润（复数） |
| program | 1 | 节目 |
| prominent | 1 | 突出的 |
| promote | 1 | 促进 |
| prone | 1 | 易于 |
| prospective | 1 | 潜在的 |
| prospects | 1 | 前景（复数） |
| prospers | 1 | 兴旺（第三人称单数） |
| protect | 1 | 保护 |
| protection | 1 | 保护 |
| provisions | 1 | 条款（复数） |
| psychological | 1 | 心理的 |
| published | 1 | 发表的 |
| purpose | 1 | 目的 |
| pushes | 1 | 推动（第三人称单数） |
| puts | 1 | 归咎（puts the blame） |
| qualify | 1 | 取得资格 |
| quarter | 1 | 四分之一 |
| ratcheted | 1 | 逐步抬高（过去分词） |
| reached | 1 | 达到（过去式） |
| reality | 1 | 现实 |
| reasons | 1 | 原因（复数） |
| recent | 1 | 最近的 |
| recently | 1 | 最近 |
| recessions | 1 | 衰退（复数） |
| reckon | 1 | 认为 |
| recognized | 1 | 被认可的 |
| recognizing | 1 | 认识到（动名词） |
| reduced | 1 | 减少（过去式） |
| reducing | 1 | 减少（动名词） |
| reflect | 1 | 反映 |
| reflected | 1 | 反映（过去式） |
| regard | 1 | 看待；尊重 |
| relief | 1 | 救济；缓解 |
| reluctant | 1 | 不情愿的 |
| remade | 1 | 重造（过去分词） |
| remains | 1 | 保持（第三人称单数） |
| remember | 1 | 记住 |
| repayment | 1 | 偿还 |
| replying | 1 | 回复（动名词） |
| report | 1 | 报告 |
| reported | 1 | 据报道 |
| requires | 1 | 需要（第三人称单数） |
| resemble | 1 | 与……相似 |
| respond | 1 | 回应 |
| responding | 1 | 回应（动名词） |
| restricted | 1 | 限制性的 |
| restrictions | 1 | 限制（复数） |
| results | 1 | 结果（复数） |
| reviews | 1 | 回顾（第三人称单数） |
| revolution | 1 | 革命 |
| rising | 1 | 上升的 |
| risk | 1 | 风险 |
| roar | 1 | 高歌猛进 |
| role | 1 | 角色 |
| root | 1 | 根本的 |
| rose | 1 | 上升（rise 过去式） |
| run | 1 | 运行；经营 |
| say | 1 | 说 |
| saying | 1 | 说法 |
| says | 1 | 说（第三人称单数） |
| scale | 1 | 规模 |
| school | 1 | 学校 |
| science | 1 | 科学 |
| second | 1 | 第二 |
| security | 1 | 安全 |
| seeing | 1 | 看见（动名词） |
| seeking | 1 | 寻求（动名词） |
| seemed | 1 | 似乎（过去式） |
| seems | 1 | 似乎 |
| seen | 1 | 见过（see 过去分词） |
| seldom | 1 | 很少 |
| sense | 1 | 感觉；意义 |
| sensitivity | 1 | 敏感度 |
| serious | 1 | 严重的 |
| set | 1 | 设置；一套 |
| show | 1 | 显示；展示 |
| shown | 1 | 显示（show 过去分词） |
| shrunk | 1 | 缩水（shrink 过去分词） |
| sick | 1 | 生病的 |
| six | 1 | 六 |
| skeptical | 1 | 怀疑的 |
| slowed | 1 | 放缓（过去式） |
| soaring | 1 | 飙升的 |
| someone | 1 | 某人 |
| something | 1 | 某事 |
| south | 1 | 南方 |
| span | 1 | 持续时间（attention span） |
| specific | 1 | 具体的 |
| speed | 1 | 速度 |
| spell | 1 | 预示（spell doom） |
| standards | 1 | 标准（复数） |
| start | 1 | 开始 |
| state | 1 | 州；国家；状态 |
| statements | 1 | 陈述（复数） |
| status | 1 | 状况 |
| stop | 1 | 停止 |
| strengthen | 1 | 加强 |
| strict | 1 | 严格的 |
| strong | 1 | 强烈的 |
| structure | 1 | 结构 |
| studies | 1 | 研究（复数） |
| substantial | 1 | 大量的 |
| substantially | 1 | 大幅 |
| suggest | 1 | 建议；表明 |
| supported | 1 | 支持（过去分词） |
| supporting | 1 | 支持（动名词） |
| supposed | 1 | 被认为的 |
| surprisingly | 1 | 令人惊讶地 |
| survey | 1 | 调查 |
| survive | 1 | 生存 |
| take | 1 | 拿；花费；采取 |
| taken | 1 | 采取（take 过去分词） |
| takes | 1 | 需要（第三人称单数） |
| tame | 1 | 约束 |
| television | 1 | 电视 |
| telework | 1 | 远程办公 |
| tends | 1 | 倾向于（第三人称单数） |
| test | 1 | 测试；检验 |
| texts | 1 | 文本（复数） |
| theory | 1 | 理论 |
| there's | 1 | 有 |
| thing | 1 | 事物 |
| though | 1 | 虽然 |
| threat | 1 | 威胁 |
| threatened | 1 | 受威胁的 |
| three | 1 | 三 |
| top | 1 | 顶部；最高的 |
| toward | 1 | 朝向 |
| town's | 1 | 镇上的 |
| tracking | 1 | 追踪（动名词） |
| trend | 1 | 趋势 |
| trivialization | 1 | 琐碎化 |
| try | 1 | 试图 |
| tune | 1 | 合拍（in tune with） |
| turn | 1 | 转变；轮到 |
| typical | 1 | 典型的 |
| ucsf | 1 | 加州大学旧金山分校 |
| unable | 1 | 不能的 |
| understand | 1 | 理解 |
| underwater | 1 | 水下的；资不抵债的 |
| uneasy | 1 | 不安的 |
| unlimited | 1 | 无限的 |
| unprecedented | 1 | 空前的 |
| upon | 1 | 在……之上 |
| utterly | 1 | 完全地 |
| variety | 1 | 多样性 |
| vastly | 1 | 大大地 |
| videos | 1 | 视频（复数） |
| views | 1 | 看法（复数） |
| war | 1 | 战争 |
| warming | 1 | 变暖（global warming） |
| warning | 1 | 警告 |
| wasting | 1 | 浪费（动名词） |
| weaken | 1 | 削弱 |
| wealth | 1 | 财富 |
| week's | 1 | 本周的 |
| who's | 1 | 谁是 |
| widespread | 1 | 广泛的 |
| worker | 1 | 工人 |
| working | 1 | 工作（动名词） |
| worrying | 1 | 担忧（动名词） |
| worse | 1 | 更糟 |
| worth | 1 | 值得 |
| worthless | 1 | 一文不值 |
| written | 1 | 书面的 |
| wrong | 1 | 错误的 |
| young | 1 | 年轻的 |
二、本篇句型与固定表达
2.1 句型模板
| 结构 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| tend to | 5 | 倾向于 |
| more … than | 2 | 比……更 |
| as … as | 1 | 像……一样 |
| it is … that（强调句） | 1 | 正是…… |
| so … that | 1 | 如此……以至于 |
| such … that | 1 | 如此……以至于 |
| account for | 1 | 占；解释 |
| be reluctant to | 1 | 不愿 |
| lead to | 1 | 导致 |
2.2 固定表达
| 短语 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| in fact | 1 | 事实上 |
| on the other hand | 1 | 另一方面 |
| at least | 1 | 至少 |
| so far | 1 | 目前 |
| as a result | 1 | 结果 |
| dead wrong | 1 | 大错特错 |
三、原文与译文
篇一｜失业焦虑与心理健康（101–105）
原文 / 译文
¶1
In mid-April 2020, the national unemployment rate reached 14.7 percent — the highest since the Great Depression. Forty-one million American workers filed for unemployment between February and May of 2020. Unprecedented unemployment rates don't just have an impact on the unemployed, though. For people still employed during the COVID-19 pandemic, job insecurity and financial concern are associated with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety, according to findings from the UCSF School of Nursing published recently in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
译｜ 2020 年 4 月中旬，全国失业率达到 14.7%，为大萧条以来最高。2020 年 2 月至 5 月间，4100 万美国劳动者申请失业救济。然而，空前的失业率不只影响失业者。加州大学旧金山分校护理学院近期发表于《职业与环境医学杂志》的研究发现，对疫情期间仍在工作的人来说，工作不安全感与财务担忧，与更严重的抑郁和焦虑症状相关。
¶2
The findings are part of a year-long examination of how behavior and social attitudes change, and what factors influence those changes, when people in the United States are faced with the threat of widespread disease. Supported by a National Science Foundation grant, the study is tracking the well-being, feelings, and behavioral practices of about 1,000 individuals across the United States, and more than 18 surveys of the participants have already been conducted since March. The study asked participants to identify symptoms of anxiety by asking if they were feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge, or if they were not able to stop or control their worrying. They were also asked about the extent of their financial concerns — how worried they were about their employment and financial situation, if they expected their financial situation to get worse over the next 12 months, and if they had the means to secure food and housing for their family for the next 12 months.
译｜ 这些发现是一项为期一年研究的一部分，考察当美国人面临大范围疾病威胁时，行为与社会态度如何变化、哪些因素影响这些变化。该研究由国家科学基金会资助，追踪全美约 1000 人的身心健康、感受与行为，自 3 月以来已开展 18 次以上调查。研究通过询问受试者是否感到紧张、焦虑或烦躁不安，是否无法停止或控制担忧，来识别焦虑症状；还询问其财务担忧的程度——对就业与财务状况有多担心、是否预计未来 12 个月财务会变差、是否有办法保障家人未来 12 个月的食物与住房。
¶3
Most study participants reported some level of worry about the effects of COVID-19 on their employment. While previous studies have linked large-scale disruptions like recessions and pandemics with poor mental health, the researchers note that their study importantly expands on these associations by demonstrating independent links between greater financial concern with greater anxiety symptoms, and greater job insecurity with greater depressive symptoms, after accounting for demographics, health, and other COVID-19 concerns and experiences.
译｜ 多数受试者报告了对 COVID-19 影响就业的某种程度担忧。以往研究已把衰退、大流行等大规模冲击与心理健康不佳联系起来，但研究者指出，他们的研究在控制人口学特征、健康状况及其他疫情相关担忧与经历后，证明了“财务担忧越重、焦虑症状越重”与“工作不安全感越强、抑郁症状越重”之间的独立关联，从而重要地拓展了这些认识。
¶4
The researchers say employers can play a critical role in supporting the mental health of their employees by recognizing the increased anxiety that workers experience when their job security feels threatened during the pandemic. “Our results demonstrate the potential adverse consequences that job insecurity and financial concern have on employees' mental health,” the researchers write. “Based on these findings, for those experiencing depressive symptoms during the pandemic, it may be particularly important for employers to be mindful and try to minimize feelings of uncertainty for the employees, as well as instilling hope or agency in employees. For those experiencing anxiety symptoms, employers could attempt to reduce financial concerns by allowing employees to continue to work (e.g. telework), even with reduced hours and income, to ensure that employees do not lose their entire income.”
译｜ 研究者说，雇主可以发挥关键作用：认识到疫情期间员工工作安全感受威胁时焦虑会加剧，从而支持员工心理健康。“我们的结果证明了工作不安全感与财务担忧对员工心理健康的潜在不利后果，”研究者写道。“基于这些发现，对疫情期间出现抑郁症状的员工，雇主尤其应当留意并尽量减少员工的不确定感，同时给予希望或自主感。对出现焦虑症状的员工，雇主可以设法减轻其财务担忧，例如允许员工继续工作（如远程办公），即使工时和收入减少，以确保员工不完全失去收入。”
题目与答案
101. What can we know from the first paragraph?
A. The unemployment rate in the United States is at an all-time high. B. 41 million people were unemployed in the United States in 2020. C. The high unemployment rate has little effect on the employee. D. The employed are also uneasy about their employment prospects.
答案 D｜题型：细节｜定位：¶1 “For people still employed… job insecurity and financial concern”｜陷阱：A 的 all-time 与 “since the Great Depression” 矛盾；B 混淆“申请失业救济”
102. Researchers of the mentioned study mainly asked participants about ________.
A. their mental conditions B. their depression symptoms C. their views on economic situation D. their family income and expenditure
答案 A｜题型：细节｜定位：¶2 “asked… to identify symptoms of anxiety… financial concerns”｜陷阱：问的是心理状况与财务担忧
103. Through the investigation, the researchers found that ________.
A. greater economic insecurity can cause serious anxiety B. epidemics can lead to psychological problems C. people infected with COVID-19 are prone to depression D. anxiety symptoms are barely associated with physical health status
答案 A｜题型：细节·结论｜定位：¶3 “independent links… greater financial concern with greater anxiety”｜陷阱：经济不安全→焦虑，是独立关联
104. The researchers advised employers to ________.
A. provide more work opportunities B. avoid firing their sick employees C. make employees feel financially secure D. allow anxious workers to get fully paid
答案 C｜题型：细节·建议｜定位：¶4 “minimize feelings of uncertainty… instilling hope”｜陷阱：建议是减少不确定感、减轻财务担忧
105. What would be the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To call on policymakers to respond to unemployment crisis. B. To offer some advice to deal with unemployment anxiety and depression. C. To explore root reasons for the rise of unemployment rate. D. To illustrate the great influence of pandemics on economy.
答案 B｜题型：写作目的｜定位：全文：研究结果 ＋ 给雇主的建议｜陷阱：目的是给应对失业焦虑提供建议
篇二｜CEO 薪酬为什么降不下来（106–110）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar — at least so far. Business Week's annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest U.S. companies got compensation last year averaging $3.1 million — up 1.3 percent from 1994. Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980.
译｜ 业务放缓、裁员增加，高管薪酬却继续高歌猛进——至少目前如此。《商业周刊》年度调查发现，美国 365 家最大公司的首席执行官（CEO）去年平均薪酬为 310 万美元，比 1994 年上涨 1.3%。为什么顶级老板的薪酬约为普通工厂工人的 485 倍？这一倍数高于 1999 年的 475 倍，更远高于 1980 年的区区 42 倍。
¶2
One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”. Corporate boards tend to reckon that “all CEOs are above average” — a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town's children are “above average”. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: pay levels get ratcheted up.
译｜ 一个原因可能是专家所称的“沃比冈湖效应”。公司董事会往往认为“所有 CEO 都高于平均水平”——这是对加里森·凯勒在其公共广播节目《草原一家亲》中名句的戏仿：镇上的孩子都“高于平均水平”。咨询公司向董事会提供企业 CEO 薪酬调查。由于董事们不愿把自己的 CEO 看作低于平均，董事会的薪酬委员会往往把薪酬定在高于平均的水平。结果：薪酬水平被一步步抬高。
¶3
Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive's performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.
译｜ 为高薪辩护的人主张，市场对有经验的 CEO 需求如此之强，自由市场把他们的薪酬推高。他们还坚称，多数董事会设计的薪酬方案反映了高管业绩：公司及其股价表现好，他们就拿得更多。因此，高薪 CEO 的公司为股东创造了巨大财富。
¶4
But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999, says Scott Klinger, author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8,132. If $10,000 had been put into the Standard & Poor's 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090. To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. “It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable.”
译｜ 但这份由波士顿“公平经济联合组织”发布、斯科特·克林格撰写的报告称，这些所谓的“精英中的精英”高管在 1999 年给股东的回报出奇地差。如果投资者在 1999 年底把各 1 万美元投入 CEO 薪酬最高的 10 家公司的股票，到 2000 年底这笔投资会缩水到 8132 美元；若投入标准普尔 500 指数股票，则值 9090 美元。在克林格看来，这些发现表明“公司大部分价值由 CEO 一人创造”的理论大错特错。“公司要盈利，需要许多员工。”
¶5
With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. Executives, in turn, are making greater efforts to avoid pay cuts. Since CEOs, seeing their options “underwater” or worthless due to falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or restricted stock.
译｜ 利润下滑，董事会可能更努力地约束高管薪酬；而高管则更努力地避免降薪。由于股价下跌，CEO 们眼看期权“潜水”（一文不值），便转而争取更多现金或限制性股票。
题目与答案
106. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Garrison Keillor?
A. His idea on the CEOs was recognized by corporate boards. B. One of his lines had been modified to describe the CEOs. C. His play pointed out that “all CEOs are above average”. D. His radio program aroused the “Lake Wobegon effect”.
答案 B｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶2 “a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line”｜陷阱：他的名句被“改编”用来形容 CEO
107. According to the second paragraph, CEOs' pay keeps soaring mainly because ________.
A. surveys indicate that CEOs deserve higher pay B. consultants tend to believe CEOs are above average C. directors' belief greatly influences the pay standard D. compensation committees seldom evaluate the CEOs' ability
答案 C｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶2 “directors are reluctant… set pay at an above-average level”｜陷阱：根子在董事“不愿说自家 CEO 低于平均”
108. “cream-of-the-crop” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. competent B. courageous C. disappointing D. hard-working
答案 A｜题型：词义（画线短语）｜定位：¶4 “the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly”｜陷阱：所谓“最优秀的”却表现最差，是反讽
109. Scott Klinger most probably tends to agree that ________.
A. most people lose money in the investment into the stocks B. the CEOs' performance can't be reflected by the value of stocks C. the CEOs are not the only factor that prospers a corporation D. the pay of the CEOs greatly influences the profit of a company
答案 C｜题型：观点·推断｜定位：¶4 “It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable”｜陷阱：CEO 不是公司价值的唯一来源
110. Which of the following is the biggest concern of the corporate boards?
A. The free market. B. The CEOs' performance. C. The CEOs' pay. D. The corporations' profit.
答案 C｜题型：细节·推断｜定位：¶5 “With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation”｜陷阱：董事会要压薪酬，说明薪酬是当前着力点
篇三｜阅读的危机与生机（111–115）
原文 / 译文
¶1
We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, what is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it — Facebook, Twitter. You can write your own list.
译｜ 我们正面临一场危机。你说是全球变暖？世界经济？不，是阅读的衰落。人们就是不再读书了，尤其是年轻人。怪谁？其实更该问：怪什么？当然是互联网，以及随之而来的一切——脸书、推特。名单你可以自己列。
¶2
There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before — there are more and more readers, and more and more books. The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over.
译｜ 长期以来，一直有人警告“识字文明即将死亡”。20 世纪，先是电影，然后是广播，再是电视，似乎都预示着书面世界的末日。但没有一个成真。阅读活了下来；事实上不仅活下来，还繁荣了。世界比以往任何时候都更识字——读者越来越多，书也越来越多。今天我们常在网络上获取阅读材料，这并不值得担忧。
¶3
The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book. As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.
译｜ 过去二十年的电子与数字革命，可以说为阅读和写作指明了前进方向。以电子阅读器的出现为例。Kindle 这类设备让阅读更方便，也比传统纸质书环保得多。技术让新的写作方式成为可能，新的阅读方式也随之成为可能。互联性带来以往几乎无法想象的阅读体验：传统书籍只能靠照片和插图，电子书却能给读者提供无限多的链接——指向文本、图片和视频。未来人们写小说、历史、哲学的方式，将与过去所见完全不同。
¶4
On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span — that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.
译｜ 另一方面，存在“琐碎化”的危险。一个推特群组向粉丝提供伟大长篇小说的“一句话摘要”。《战争与和平》一句话？开什么玩笑。我们应当警惕阅读的碎片化。危险在于，互联网的高速连接会缩短我们的注意力持续时间——我们将无法阅读任何有长度、需要深度专注的东西。
¶5
In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.
译｜ 在这样一个快速变化、现实似乎每天都在重造的世界里，我们需要专注并理解正在发生之事的能力。这始终是文学的功能，我们应当小心别让它消失。我们的社会需要能够想象这样一种人：完全契合现代技术，却能理解一个动态而混乱的世界。
¶6
In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.
译｜ 15 世纪，约翰内斯·古腾堡在欧洲发明印刷机，对文明产生了巨大影响。曾几何时，纸质书本身就是一件具有挑战性的事物。在我们认定技术要摧毁传统文化之前，应当记住这一点。
题目与答案
111. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?
A. Paragraph One. B. Paragraph Two. C. Paragraph Three. D. Paragraph Four.
答案 B｜题型：结构·段落功能｜定位：¶2 “In the 20th century… movies… radio… television”｜陷阱：第二段回顾历史上的“阅读威胁”
112. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT ________.
A. multimodal content B. environmental friendliness C. convenience for readers D. imaginative design
答案 D｜题型：细节·选非｜定位：¶3 “convenient”“environmentally friendly”“links”｜陷阱：原文没提“富有想象力的设计”
113. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?
A. Ironic. B. Worried. C. Convenience for readers. D. Doubtful.
答案 B｜题型：态度｜定位：¶4 “You must be joking… We should fear the fragmentation”｜陷阱：不只是反讽，更是明确担忧
114. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and ________ to survive in the fast-changing society.
A. high sensitivity B. good judgement C. good imagination D. the ability to focus
答案 B｜题型：细节｜定位：¶5 “ability to focus and understand… make sense of a dynamic, confusing world”｜陷阱：需要专注与理解/判断力
115. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing. B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience. C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading. D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.
答案 C｜题型：主旨｜定位：全文：技术既带来机会（¶3）也带来危险（¶4）｜陷阱：A 只说一面
篇四｜美国破产率为何上升（116–120）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Bankruptcy rates in the U.S. have been growing for more than two decades despite generally rising levels of personal income. The most prominent explanation puts the blame directly on credit cards, which became vastly more popular in the past 30 years. University of Pennsylvania law professor David A. Skeel notes that a 1978 Supreme Court decision allowed credit-card companies to charge the interest rate allowed in their state of incorporation. As a result, many incorporated in the high-rate states of Delaware and South Dakota. Being able to charge high rates throughout the country, they could afford to issue cards to those with limited ability to repay. Many high-risk cardholders, overburdened with debt, filed for bankruptcy.
译｜ 过去二十多年，美国破产率持续上升，尽管个人收入总体在增长。最主流的解释直接把矛头指向信用卡——过去 30 年信用卡变得极其普及。宾夕法尼亚大学法学教授戴维·斯基尔指出，1978 年最高法院的一项裁决允许信用卡公司按公司注册所在州允许的利率收息。结果，许多公司选择在特拉华、南达科他等高利率州注册。由于能在全国收取高利率，它们有能力向还款能力有限的人发卡。许多高风险持卡人债台高筑，申请破产。
¶2
Skeel also notes that the impersonality of credit-card borrowing may have helped weaken the moral imperative to repay debts: in the 1960s a prospective borrower met face-to-face with a bank lending officer, but today the borrower gets credit by responding to a junk-mail offer.
译｜ 斯基尔还指出，信用卡借贷的非人格化可能削弱了还债的道德压力：1960 年代，潜在借款人要与银行贷款官员面对面；如今，借款人只需回应一封垃圾邮件式的推销，就能获得信用。
¶3
Other developments also fueled the rise in bankruptcy, including medical bills. A Harvard University study found that about a quarter of filers cited illness or injury as the specific reason for their troubles. Loss of jobs probably also drove some credit-card holders into bankruptcy. Other possible contributors include the growth of the gambling industry in recent years and the Supreme Court's 1977 decision to allow lawyers to advertise directly to the general public.
译｜ 其他因素也助推了破产上升，包括医疗账单。哈佛大学一项研究发现，约四分之一的申请者把疾病或受伤列为陷入困境的具体原因。失业可能也把一些持卡人推入破产。其他可能的推手还包括近年博彩业的扩张，以及最高法院 1977 年允许律师直接向公众做广告的裁决。
¶4
Changes in bankruptcy law apparently have had little effect on filings. The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was designed to make it easier for consumers to pay off debts and start anew. As under previous acts, penniless debtors could file for complete discharge of debts under Chapter 7, and debtors with substantial assets could arrange for partial repayment under Chapter 13. Most filers opted for the more generous provisions of Chapter 7. During the six years following implementation of the act, filings rose substantially. The act was amended in 1984 to curb opportunistic petitions. However, filings went in the opposite direction than expected. Evidently, easy credit and other debt-creating forces have been more powerful.
译｜ 破产法的变化显然对申请量影响不大。1978 年《破产改革法》本意是让消费者更容易还清债务、重新开始。与以往法案一样，身无分文的债务人可依第 7 章申请完全免除债务，拥有大量资产的债务人可依第 13 章安排部分偿还。多数申请者选择了更宽松的第 7 章。法案实施后的六年里，申请量大幅上升。1984 年法案被修订，以遏制投机性申请；然而申请量却朝相反方向发展。显然，宽松信贷和其他制造债务的力量更强大。
¶5
The latest legal effort is the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, which went into effect in October. The new act lays down far more strict standards for debtors, including a test to qualify for Chapter 7 relief. Despite the new restrictions, bankruptcy experts tend to be skeptical or non-committal about its effectiveness in reducing filings.
译｜ 最新的立法努力是 2005 年 10 月生效的《防止破产滥用及消费者保护法》。新法对债务人规定了严格得多的标准，包括取得第 7 章救济的资格测试。尽管有了新限制，破产专家对其能否减少申请量多持怀疑或保留态度。
题目与答案
116. According to Paragraph 1, bankruptcy rates in the U.S. have been increasing mainly because ________.
A. having credit cards was a fashionable trend in the 1970s B. credit-card companies charged only those unable to repay high rates C. many indebted people easily claimed bankruptcy throughout the country D. many credit card holders pressed by debt have filed for bankrupt
答案 D｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶1 “issue cards to those with limited ability to repay… overburdened with debt, filed for bankruptcy”｜陷阱：主因是信用卡高利率＋滥发，导致负债者破产
117. By saying “the impersonality of credit-card borrowing”, the author implies that ________.
A. e-mails have taken over interpersonal communications B. face-to-face interviews with bankers would strengthen morality C. people can own a credit card by replying to a junk-mail offer D. credit-card borrowing has lost the moral obligations
答案 C｜题型：句意·推断｜定位：¶2 “today the borrower gets credit by responding to a junk-mail offer”｜陷阱：非人格化的具体表现就是“回一封推销邮件就能办卡”
118. Which of the following is TRUE of the other factors fueling the bankruptcy rise?
A. Lack of medical insurance has brought about social troubles. B. Unemployment has impaired cardholders' ability to repay debts. C. The growth of gambling industry has inhibited money wasting. D. Government authorities have decided to legalize bankruptcy.
答案 B｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶3 “Loss of jobs probably also drove some credit-card holders into bankruptcy”｜陷阱：医疗账单是因素，但“缺乏医保”原文未提
119. Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was amended in order to ________.
A. promote easy credit and filing B. counter debt-creating forces C. give debtors more freedom D. cripple opportunistic filings
答案 D｜题型：细节·目的｜定位：¶4 “amended in 1984 to curb opportunistic petitions”｜陷阱：修订目的是遏制投机申请
120. We can conclude from the last paragraph that ________.
A. despite legal efforts uncertainty remains in bankruptcy issues B. new acts concerning bankruptcy will protect debtors C. bankruptcy in the U.S. will decrease in the long run D. bankruptcy experts don't care about the effectiveness of filings
答案 A｜题型：推断｜定位：¶5 “experts… skeptical… about its effectiveness”｜陷阱：法律效果仍不确定