2025 金管局英语阅读 · 词汇 → 句型 → 原文译文
顺序说明：先看本篇词汇（含 20 道题干与选项中的词），再看句型句式，最后读原文译文；题目与答案随每篇放在译文之后 词汇口径：4 篇原文＋20 题的实词去重，按篇内出现次数降序，共 816 个；虚词（the/of/to 等）不列 配套：全量词表
词汇表-全量释义.md｜总索引00-总索引.md
一、本篇词汇（816 个）
| 词 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| digital | 18 | 数字的 |
| ai | 15 | 人工智能 |
| employees | 12 | 员工（复数） |
| money | 12 | 钱；货币 |
| people | 12 | 人们 |
| price | 12 | 价格 |
| governments | 11 | 政府（复数） |
| data | 10 | 数据 |
| system | 10 | 系统；制度 |
| banks | 9 | 银行（复数） |
| cash | 9 | 现金 |
| firms | 9 | 公司（复数） |
| human | 9 | 人类的；人 |
| humans | 9 | 人类 |
| product | 9 | 产品 |
| monitoring | 8 | 监控 |
| machines | 7 | 机器（复数） |
| many | 7 | 许多 |
| payment | 7 | 支付 |
| payments | 7 | 支付（复数） |
| products | 7 | 产品（复数） |
| service | 7 | 服务 |
| services | 7 | 服务（复数） |
| time | 7 | 时间；次数 |
| become | 6 | 变成 |
| much | 6 | 许多；很 |
| terms | 6 | 术语；条款（复数） |
| according | 5 | 根据（according to） |
| amount | 5 | 数量；金额 |
| economy | 5 | 经济 |
| last | 5 | 最后的；持续 |
| make | 5 | 使；制造 |
| one | 5 | 一个；一 |
| paragraph | 5 | 段落 |
| passage | 5 | 文章 |
| prices | 5 | 价格（复数） |
| private | 5 | 私人的；私营的 |
| surveillance | 5 | 监控 |
| workplace | 5 | 职场 |
| analysis | 4 | 分析 |
| buyer | 4 | 买方 |
| cannot | 4 | 不能 |
| cashless | 4 | 无现金的 |
| electronic | 4 | 电子的 |
| left | 4 | 离开（leave 过去式）；左边 |
| lunch | 4 | 午餐 |
| market | 4 | 市场 |
| offer | 4 | 提供；提议 |
| open | 4 | 开放的；打开 |
| plumbing | 4 | 管道（比喻支付通道） |
| problems | 4 | 问题（复数） |
| russell | 4 | 拉塞尔（人名） |
| seller | 4 | 卖方 |
| thought | 4 | 想法；认为（think 过去式） |
| transaction | 4 | 交易 |
| use | 4 | 使用 |
| used | 4 | 使用（use 过去式）；习惯于 |
| workers | 4 | 工人（复数） |
| years | 4 | 年（复数） |
| against | 3 | 反对；与……相对 |
| algorithm | 3 | 算法 |
| areas | 3 | 领域（复数） |
| bank | 3 | 银行 |
| best | 3 | 最好的 |
| companies | 3 | 公司（复数） |
| credit | 3 | 信用；信贷 |
| efficient | 3 | 高效的 |
| ensure | 3 | 确保 |
| example | 3 | 例子 |
| factors | 3 | 因素（复数） |
| first | 3 | 第一；首先 |
| following | 3 | 接下来的 |
| implanted | 3 | 植入的 |
| information | 3 | 信息 |
| initiatives | 3 | 举措（复数） |
| instant | 3 | 即时的 |
| knowledge | 3 | 知识 |
| let | 3 | 让 |
| long | 3 | 长的；长久 |
| made | 3 | 制造（make 过去式） |
| nature | 3 | 本质；自然 |
| need | 3 | 需要 |
| new | 3 | 新的 |
| number | 3 | 数字；数量 |
| openai | 3 | OpenAI（公司名） |
| poor | 3 | 贫穷的；差的 |
| probably | 3 | 可能 |
| quality | 3 | 质量 |
| questions | 3 | 问题（复数） |
| re | 3 | （are 的缩写残留，忽略） |
| science | 3 | 科学 |
| social | 3 | 社会的 |
| staff | 3 | 员工 |
| staffers | 3 | 员工（复数） |
| tables | 3 | 桌子（复数） |
| take | 3 | 拿；花费；采取 |
| understanding | 3 | 理解 |
| upon | 3 | 在……之上 |
| way | 3 | 方式；道路 |
| words | 3 | 词语（复数） |
| world | 3 | 世界 |
| accept | 2 | 接受 |
| access | 2 | 访问；获取 |
| accounts | 2 | 账户（复数）；占 |
| acting | 2 | 行事（动名词） |
| algorithms | 2 | 算法（复数） |
| already | 2 | 已经 |
| american | 2 | 美国的；美国人 |
| among | 2 | 在……之中 |
| anonymous | 2 | 匿名的 |
| approach | 2 | 方法；接近 |
| argue | 2 | 主张；争论 |
| ask | 2 | 问 |
| author | 2 | 作者 |
| bank-to-bank | 2 | 银行间的 |
| biases | 2 | 偏见（复数） |
| bosses | 2 | 老板（复数） |
| brilliant | 2 | 绝妙的 |
| build | 2 | 搭建 |
| capital | 2 | 资本；首都 |
| central | 2 | 中央的 |
| cheap | 2 | 便宜的 |
| chips | 2 | 芯片（复数） |
| closer | 2 | 更近的 |
| come | 2 | 来 |
| complete | 2 | 完全的；完成 |
| comprehend | 2 | 理解 |
| control | 2 | 控制 |
| conversations | 2 | 对话（复数） |
| counterproductive | 2 | 适得其反的 |
| country | 2 | 国家；乡村 |
| credit-card | 2 | 信用卡 |
| demand | 2 | 需求；要求 |
| depend | 2 | 依赖 |
| detrimental | 2 | 有害的 |
| devices | 2 | 设备（复数） |
| different | 2 | 不同的 |
| digitalization | 2 | 数字化 |
| distribute | 2 | 分发 |
| economies | 2 | 经济体（复数） |
| effect | 2 | 影响；效果 |
| einstein | 2 | 爱因斯坦 |
| elderly | 2 | 年长的 |
| employee | 2 | 员工 |
| enables | 2 | 使能够（第三人称单数） |
| endangered | 2 | 濒危的 |
| engineering | 2 | 工程 |
| everything | 2 | 一切 |
| exchanged | 2 | 交换（过去式） |
| far | 2 | 远的；远 |
| firm | 2 | 公司；坚定的 |
| fool | 2 | 欺骗 |
| found | 2 | 发现（find 过去式）；建立 |
| fraud | 2 | 欺诈 |
| free | 2 | 自由的；免费的 |
| general | 2 | 总的；一般的 |
| get | 2 | 得到；变得 |
| give | 2 | 给 |
| given | 2 | 鉴于；给定的 |
| global | 2 | 全球的 |
| gone | 2 | 消失（go 过去分词） |
| gpt | 2 | GPT（模型） |
| growing | 2 | 增长的 |
| hands | 2 | 手（复数） |
| help | 2 | 帮助 |
| idea | 2 | 主旨；想法 |
| ideas | 2 | 观念（复数） |
| identification | 2 | 识别 |
| inherent | 2 | 固有的 |
| innovation | 2 | 创新 |
| insights | 2 | 洞见（复数） |
| intelligence | 2 | 智能 |
| interacting | 2 | 互动（动名词） |
| involved | 2 | 涉及的 |
| keep | 2 | 保持 |
| known | 2 | 已知的；被称为 |
| labor | 2 | 劳动力 |
| language | 2 | 语言 |
| later | 2 | 后来 |
| learn | 2 | 学习 |
| less | 2 | 更少 |
| logical | 2 | 逻辑的 |
| main | 2 | 主要的 |
| mentioned | 2 | 提到的 |
| misconceptions | 2 | 误解（复数） |
| monitored | 2 | 被监控的 |
| monopolies | 2 | 垄断（复数） |
| monopoly | 2 | 垄断 |
| network | 2 | 网络 |
| non-human | 2 | 非人类的 |
| notes | 2 | 指出（第三人称单数）；笔记 |
| ought | 2 | 应该 |
| package | 2 | 一揽子；打包 |
| particular | 2 | 特定的 |
| past | 2 | 过去的；过去 |
| pause | 2 | 暂停 |
| performance | 2 | 业绩；表现 |
| personal | 2 | 个人的 |
| pipes | 2 | 管道（复数） |
| place | 2 | 地方；放置 |
| popular | 2 | 流行的；受欢迎的 |
| populated | 2 | 人口密集的 |
| potential | 2 | 潜在的；潜力 |
| pressure | 2 | 压力 |
| privileges | 2 | 权利（复数） |
| produce | 2 | 生产；产生 |
| productivity | 2 | 生产率 |
| prof | 2 | 教授（prof.） |
| progress | 2 | 进步 |
| protect | 2 | 保护 |
| prove | 2 | 证明 |
| public | 2 | 公共的；公众 |
| quickly | 2 | 快速地 |
| relativity | 2 | 相对论 |
| result | 2 | 结果 |
| return | 2 | 回报；返回 |
| rich | 2 | 富有的 |
| risks | 2 | 风险（复数） |
| role | 2 | 角色 |
| sat | 2 | 坐（sit 过去式） |
| schemes | 2 | 方案（复数） |
| second | 2 | 第二 |
| set | 2 | 设置；一套 |
| show | 2 | 显示；展示 |
| small | 2 | 小的 |
| socially | 2 | 社会地 |
| something | 2 | 某事 |
| species | 2 | 物种 |
| specific | 2 | 具体的 |
| spontaneous | 2 | 自发的 |
| steps | 2 | 步骤（复数） |
| stuart | 2 | 斯图尔特（人名） |
| supply | 2 | 供应 |
| systems | 2 | 系统（复数） |
| table | 2 | 桌子 |
| tabs | 2 | 账单（复数） |
| tackle | 2 | 应对 |
| taken | 2 | 采取（take 过去分词） |
| test | 2 | 测试；检验 |
| theory | 2 | 理论 |
| top | 2 | 顶部；最高的 |
| transfers | 2 | 转账（复数） |
| transportation | 2 | 运输 |
| truly | 2 | 真正地 |
| two | 2 | 二 |
| unexpected | 2 | 意外的 |
| unpopular | 2 | 不受欢迎的 |
| urge | 2 | 敦促 |
| value | 2 | 价值 |
| voluntary | 2 | 自愿的 |
| vulnerable | 2 | 易受伤害的 |
| want | 2 | 想要 |
| well | 2 | 好；很好地 |
| year | 2 | 年 |
| ability | 1 | 能力 |
| able | 1 | 能够的 |
| academic | 1 | 学术的 |
| acceptable | 1 | 可接受的 |
| accountability | 1 | 问责 |
| action | 1 | 行动 |
| actions | 1 | 行动（复数） |
| adoption | 1 | 采纳 |
| advertise | 1 | 做广告 |
| advertising | 1 | 广告 |
| affect | 1 | 影响 |
| affected | 1 | 受影响的 |
| age | 1 | 年龄；时代 |
| aggressive | 1 | 激进的 |
| agreed | 1 | 同意（过去式） |
| ahead | 1 | 提前 |
| ai-produced | 1 | AI 生成的 |
| ais | 1 | AI（复数） |
| alert | 1 | 预警 |
| algorithmic | 1 | 算法的 |
| allocation | 1 | 分配 |
| alone | 1 | 独自（left alone 不被打扰） |
| although | 1 | 尽管 |
| always | 1 | 总是 |
| analytics | 1 | 分析（公司） |
| analyzing | 1 | 分析（动名词） |
| annual | 1 | 年度的 |
| anonymised | 1 | 匿名的 |
| answers | 1 | 答案（复数） |
| anti-human | 1 | 反人性的 |
| approaches | 1 | 方法（复数） |
| apps | 1 | 应用（复数） |
| aren't | 1 | 不是 |
| argues | 1 | 主张（第三人称单数） |
| argument | 1 | 论点 |
| arises | 1 | 产生（第三人称单数） |
| around | 1 | 周围；大约 |
| asked-for | 1 | 所要求的 |
| assess | 1 | 评估 |
| assume | 1 | 假定 |
| attacks | 1 | 攻击（复数） |
| attempt | 1 | 尝试 |
| autonomy | 1 | 自主权 |
| aware | 1 | 意识到的 |
| away | 1 | 离开 |
| backs | 1 | 支持（第三人称单数） |
| badges | 1 | 名牌（复数） |
| ban | 1 | 禁止 |
| banned | 1 | 禁止（过去分词） |
| bar | 1 | 酒吧；棒 |
| based | 1 | 基于 |
| became | 1 | 变成（become 过去式） |
| beef | 1 | 加强（beef up） |
| behalf | 1 | 代表（on behalf of） |
| behavior | 1 | 行为 |
| behind | 1 | 在……之后 |
| beings | 1 | 人（复数） |
| believing | 1 | 相信（动名词） |
| benefits | 1 | 好处（复数） |
| beyond | 1 | 超出 |
| biometrics | 1 | 生物识别 |
| bits | 1 | 少量；硬币（复数） |
| blackouts | 1 | 停电（复数） |
| borders | 1 | 国界（复数） |
| borrow | 1 | 借 |
| bought | 1 | 买（过去分词） |
| breaks | 1 | 休息；打破（第三人称单数） |
| bring | 1 | 带来 |
| brings | 1 | 带来（第三人称单数） |
| broad | 1 | 广泛的 |
| bullying | 1 | 欺凌 |
| bundle | 1 | 一堆 |
| business | 1 | 商业；生意 |
| businesses | 1 | 企业（复数） |
| buy | 1 | 买 |
| buyers | 1 | 买方（复数） |
| buying | 1 | 购买（动名词） |
| california | 1 | 加州 |
| called | 1 | 被称为 |
| cards | 1 | 卡（复数） |
| cause | 1 | 导致；原因 |
| certain | 1 | 某些；确定的 |
| change | 1 | 变化；改变 |
| check | 1 | 检测 |
| checks | 1 | 制衡（复数） |
| chip | 1 | 芯片 |
| chipping | 1 | 植芯（chipping party） |
| civil | 1 | 民事的；公民的 |
| clinking | 1 | 叮当作响的 |
| co-author | 1 | 合著者 |
| co-working | 1 | 共享办公的 |
| coins | 1 | 硬币（复数） |
| collecting | 1 | 收集（动名词） |
| collective | 1 | 集体的 |
| communicated | 1 | 沟通（过去分词） |
| communicating | 1 | 交流（动名词） |
| comparable | 1 | 可比的 |
| complementary | 1 | 补充的 |
| complex | 1 | 复杂的 |
| complexities | 1 | 复杂性（复数） |
| complicated | 1 | 复杂的 |
| composed | 1 | 构成（过去分词） |
| comprise | 1 | 构成 |
| computer | 1 | 计算机 |
| computers | 1 | 计算机（复数） |
| computing | 1 | 计算机（形） |
| concern | 1 | 担忧；涉及 |
| cons | 1 | 坏处（复数） |
| consequence | 1 | 结果 |
| constant | 1 | 持续的 |
| consumers | 1 | 消费者（复数） |
| contrary | 1 | 相反的 |
| contributed | 1 | 促成（过去式） |
| convenience-oriented | 1 | 便利导向的 |
| correlates | 1 | 相关联（第三人称单数） |
| counter | 1 | 反驳 |
| course | 1 | 课程；过程 |
| cover | 1 | 封面 |
| creased | 1 | 皱巴巴的 |
| creates | 1 | 创造（第三人称单数） |
| crumpled | 1 | 皱巴巴的 |
| currently | 1 | 目前 |
| customer | 1 | 客户 |
| customers | 1 | 顾客（复数） |
| cyber-attacks | 1 | 网络攻击（复数） |
| day | 1 | 天；日子 |
| day-to-day | 1 | 日常的 |
| deal | 1 | 交易；处理 |
| dealings | 1 | 交易（复数） |
| dealt | 1 | 处理（deal 过去分词） |
| decade | 1 | 十年 |
| decades | 1 | 几十年（复数） |
| deceive | 1 | 欺骗 |
| dechumanizing | 1 | （dehumanizing 拼写错误）去人性化的 |
| decide | 1 | 决定 |
| deemed | 1 | 被认为 |
| deep | 1 | 深的 |
| define | 1 | 定义 |
| definition | 1 | 定义 |
| delivery | 1 | 交货 |
| dematerialize | 1 | 去物质化 |
| denied | 1 | 剥夺（过去分词） |
| depends | 1 | 取决于（第三人称单数） |
| deployed | 1 | 部署（过去分词） |
| deposit | 1 | 存款 |
| derived | 1 | 推导（过去分词） |
| determine | 1 | 决定 |
| discounts | 1 | 折扣（复数） |
| discusses | 1 | 讨论（第三人称单数） |
| doesn | 1 | （does 的否定缩写残留，忽略） |
| doing | 1 | 做（动名词） |
| dominate | 1 | 主导 |
| dominating | 1 | 主导（动名词） |
| don | 1 | （do 的否定缩写残留，忽略） |
| doors | 1 | 门（复数） |
| easier | 1 | 更容易 |
| educate | 1 | 教育 |
| education | 1 | 教育 |
| effectively | 1 | 有效地 |
| efficiency | 1 | 效率 |
| electronically-controlled | 1 | 电子控制的 |
| elements | 1 | 要素（复数） |
| else | 1 | 其他 |
| 1 | 电子邮件 | |
| emerging | 1 | 新兴的 |
| employers | 1 | 雇主（复数） |
| empower | 1 | 赋权 |
| empowering | 1 | 赋权（动名词） |
| enabling | 1 | 使能够（动名词） |
| enhances | 1 | 增强（第三人称单数） |
| enterprise | 1 | 事业 |
| entitled | 1 | 应有的 |
| entry | 1 | 进入 |
| environment | 1 | 环境 |
| epicenter | 1 | Epicenter（空间名） |
| equipped | 1 | 装有 |
| era | 1 | 时代 |
| eradicating | 1 | 消灭（动名词） |
| erode | 1 | 侵蚀 |
| erosion | 1 | 侵蚀 |
| especially | 1 | 尤其 |
| eu | 1 | 欧盟 |
| evaluate | 1 | 评估 |
| evasion | 1 | 逃（税） |
| ever | 1 | 曾经；永远 |
| excellent | 1 | 优秀的 |
| excessively | 1 | 过度地 |
| exchange | 1 | 交易所；交换 |
| excluded | 1 | 排除（过去分词） |
| exhaust | 1 | 尾气（data exhaust） |
| expands | 1 | 扩大（第三人称单数） |
| experimentally | 1 | 实验上 |
| explain | 1 | 解释 |
| explained | 1 | 解释（过去式） |
| explicit | 1 | 明示的 |
| exploit | 1 | 利用 |
| exponents | 1 | 支持者（复数） |
| extreme | 1 | 极端的 |
| facilitate | 1 | 促进 |
| fact | 1 | 事实 |
| factor | 1 | 因素 |
| failures | 1 | 故障（复数） |
| false | 1 | 错误的 |
| familiar | 1 | 熟悉的 |
| favor | 1 | 偏爱 |
| fear | 1 | 恐惧 |
| fiction | 1 | 科幻 |
| folk | 1 | 人（复数） |
| food | 1 | 食物 |
| form | 1 | 形式；表格 |
| former | 1 | 前任的 |
| four-person | 1 | 四人的 |
| freedom | 1 | 自由 |
| frequently | 1 | 频繁地 |
| fully | 1 | 完全地 |
| gather | 1 | 收集 |
| gathered | 1 | 收集（过去分词） |
| generally | 1 | 通常 |
| getting | 1 | 得到（动名词） |
| giants | 1 | 巨头（复数） |
| gives | 1 | 给予（第三人称单数） |
| goals | 1 | 目标（复数） |
| goes | 1 | 走（goes far） |
| good | 1 | 好的；利益 |
| gradual | 1 | 渐进的 |
| grasp | 1 | 把握 |
| great | 1 | 巨大的；伟大的 |
| group | 1 | 群体；集团 |
| guarantees | 1 | 保证（复数） |
| guidance | 1 | 指导 |
| habits | 1 | 习惯（复数） |
| hack | 1 | 入侵 |
| hacked | 1 | 被黑（过去分词） |
| half | 1 | 一半 |
| happen | 1 | 发生 |
| harassment | 1 | 骚扰 |
| hard | 1 | 困难的；努力地 |
| harder | 1 | 更难 |
| hardly | 1 | 几乎不 |
| harm | 1 | 伤害 |
| heart | 1 | 心脏；核心 |
| helpful | 1 | 有帮助的 |
| helping | 1 | 帮助（动名词） |
| highlighted | 1 | 凸显（过去分词） |
| history | 1 | 历史 |
| hold | 1 | 持有；举行 |
| holds | 1 | 举办（第三人称单数） |
| hostage | 1 | 人质（hold hostage） |
| id | 1 | 身份证（ID） |
| illustrate | 1 | 说明 |
| imminence | 1 | 迫近 |
| impact | 1 | 影响 |
| impersonation | 1 | 冒充 |
| implants | 1 | 植入物（复数） |
| implementation | 1 | 执行 |
| implemented | 1 | 实施（过去式） |
| impossible | 1 | 不可能 |
| including | 1 | 包括 |
| indispensable | 1 | 不可或缺的 |
| individuals | 1 | 个人（复数） |
| influence | 1 | 影响 |
| infringe | 1 | 侵犯 |
| inserted | 1 | 植入（过去分词） |
| inspiration | 1 | 灵感 |
| instructions | 1 | 指导（复数） |
| insurance | 1 | 保险 |
| intelligent | 1 | 聪明的 |
| interact | 1 | 互动 |
| interaction | 1 | 交流 |
| interests | 1 | 利益（复数） |
| internet | 1 | 互联网 |
| interrelationships | 1 | 相互关系（复数） |
| intrusion | 1 | 侵入 |
| intrusive | 1 | 侵犯隐私的 |
| irresponsible | 1 | 不负责任的 |
| itself | 1 | 它自己 |
| key | 1 | 关键的；钥匙 |
| knew | 1 | 知道（know 过去式） |
| lab | 1 | 实验室 |
| latest | 1 | 最新的 |
| led | 1 | 导致（lead 过去式） |
| legislation | 1 | 立法 |
| letting | 1 | 让（动名词） |
| levels | 1 | 水平（复数） |
| liberties | 1 | 自由（复数） |
| likely | 1 | 可能的 |
| limitations | 1 | 局限（复数） |
| limited | 1 | 有限的 |
| linked | 1 | 关联的 |
| little | 1 | 少的；小的 |
| look | 1 | 看；显得 |
| looking | 1 | 寻求（looking for） |
| lot | 1 | 大量 |
| low | 1 | 低的 |
| machine | 1 | 机器 |
| maintain | 1 | 维持 |
| maximal | 1 | 最大的 |
| means | 1 | 手段；意味着 |
| mental | 1 | 心理的 |
| messaging | 1 | 通讯（动名词） |
| metal | 1 | 金属 |
| method | 1 | 方法 |
| microchips | 1 | 微芯片（复数） |
| microphones | 1 | 麦克风（复数） |
| million | 1 | 百万 |
| mimic | 1 | 模仿 |
| minimize | 1 | 尽量减少 |
| missed | 1 | 错过（过去分词） |
| model | 1 | 模型；型号 |
| monetize | 1 | 变现 |
| monitor | 1 | 监测 |
| mutual | 1 | 相互的；共同的 |
| myriad | 1 | 无数的 |
| name | 1 | 名字 |
| news | 1 | 消息 |
| non-traditional | 1 | 非传统的 |
| now | 1 | 现在 |
| numbers | 1 | 数量（复数） |
| obligation | 1 | 义务 |
| obliged | 1 | 有义务的 |
| observations | 1 | 观测（复数） |
| okay | 1 | 可以接受 |
| opinion | 1 | 观点 |
| oppose | 1 | 反对 |
| opposed | 1 | 反对的 |
| oppression | 1 | 压迫 |
| opt | 1 | 选择 |
| order | 1 | 顺序；命令；秩序 |
| others | 1 | 其他人 |
| outperform | 1 | 表现优于 |
| oxford | 1 | 牛津 |
| paid | 1 | 支付（pay 过去式/过去分词） |
| paper | 1 | 纸；论文 |
| paragraphs | 1 | 段落（复数） |
| participation | 1 | 参与 |
| parties | 1 | 各方（复数） |
| passing | 1 | 通过（动名词） |
| pay | 1 | 支付；薪酬 |
| performing | 1 | 表现（动名词） |
| period | 1 | 时期 |
| person | 1 | 人 |
| phase | 1 | 阶段 |
| phase-out | 1 | 逐步淘汰 |
| phased | 1 | 逐步（phased out） |
| philosophical | 1 | 哲学的 |
| physical | 1 | 身体的；物理的 |
| pitfalls | 1 | 陷阱（复数） |
| plans | 1 | 方案（复数） |
| playground | 1 | 舞台 |
| plays | 1 | 起（作用）（第三人称单数） |
| 1 | 收获（pocket rewards） | |
| poses | 1 | 构成（第三人称单数） |
| positive | 1 | 积极的 |
| possibility | 1 | 可能性 |
| possible | 1 | 可能的 |
| power | 1 | 权力；力量 |
| powerful | 1 | 强大的 |
| praised | 1 | 赞扬（过去式） |
| preceding | 1 | 前序的 |
| prepare | 1 | 准备 |
| presents | 1 | 提出（第三人称单数） |
| pretending | 1 | 假装（动名词） |
| prevent | 1 | 防止 |
| prevented | 1 | 阻止（过去式） |
| primarily | 1 | 主要地 |
| privacy | 1 | 隐私 |
| problem | 1 | 问题 |
| produced | 1 | 生产（过去式） |
| professional | 1 | 专业的 |
| professor | 1 | 教授 |
| profitable | 1 | 有利可图的 |
| programming | 1 | 编程 |
| promote | 1 | 促进 |
| prompt | 1 | 提示 |
| prompted | 1 | 被提示（过去分词） |
| properly | 1 | 正确地 |
| pros | 1 | 好处（复数） |
| prospect | 1 | 前景 |
| proven | 1 | 证实（过去分词） |
| proves | 1 | 证明（第三人称单数） |
| public-utility | 1 | 公用事业的 |
| purchases | 1 | 购买（复数） |
| purpose | 1 | 目的 |
| pursued | 1 | 追求（过去分词） |
| pushed | 1 | 推动（过去式） |
| put | 1 | 放；使 |
| puts | 1 | 归咎（puts the blame） |
| quantity | 1 | 数量 |
| questioned | 1 | 质疑（过去式） |
| radicalization | 1 | 激进化 |
| radicalizing | 1 | 使激进化（动名词） |
| radio-frequency | 1 | 射频的 |
| random | 1 | 随机的 |
| range | 1 | 范围 |
| rarely | 1 | 很少 |
| rate | 1 | 比率；速度 |
| rather | 1 | 相当；宁可 |
| rationed | 1 | 配给（过去分词） |
| reasonably | 1 | 相当地；合理地 |
| recent | 1 | 最近的 |
| reduce | 1 | 减少 |
| refers | 1 | 指代（第三人称单数） |
| refrain | 1 | 避免 |
| regularly | 1 | 经常 |
| regulated | 1 | 受监管的 |
| regulations | 1 | 法规（复数） |
| related | 1 | 相关的 |
| relatively | 1 | 相对地 |
| relentless | 1 | 无情的 |
| remain | 1 | 保持；仍然 |
| remains | 1 | 保持（第三人称单数） |
| remedies | 1 | 解决办法（复数） |
| repairs | 1 | 维修（复数） |
| replaced | 1 | 取代（replace 过去式） |
| reply | 1 | 回答 |
| requires | 1 | 需要（第三人称单数） |
| research | 1 | 研究 |
| researchers | 1 | 研究者（复数） |
| resource | 1 | 资源 |
| resources | 1 | 资源（复数） |
| rest | 1 | 其余；休息 |
| results | 1 | 结果（复数） |
| revenue | 1 | 收入 |
| revolts | 1 | 反抗（复数） |
| revolution | 1 | 革命 |
| rewards | 1 | 好处（复数） |
| rise | 1 | 上升 |
| run | 1 | 运行；经营 |
| rural | 1 | 农村的 |
| rush | 1 | 涌向 |
| safety | 1 | 安全 |
| said | 1 | 说（say 过去式） |
| say | 1 | 说 |
| scale | 1 | 规模 |
| scientific | 1 | 科学的 |
| scientists | 1 | 科学家（复数） |
| sector | 1 | 行业；部门 |
| seem | 1 | 似乎 |
| seems | 1 | 似乎 |
| seen | 1 | 见过（see 过去分词） |
| sell | 1 | 卖 |
| sentence | 1 | 句子 |
| settling | 1 | 结（账）（动名词） |
| sexual | 1 | 性的 |
| share | 1 | 分享；份额 |
| sharing | 1 | 分摊；分享 |
| shopping | 1 | 购物 |
| shops | 1 | 商店（复数） |
| shown | 1 | 显示（show 过去分词） |
| silicon | 1 | 硅 |
| similar | 1 | 相似的 |
| sit | 1 | 坐 |
| sitting | 1 | 坐（动名词） |
| skeptical | 1 | 怀疑的 |
| slack | 1 | 空闲（slack time） |
| snoop | 1 | 窥探 |
| society | 1 | 社会 |
| sold | 1 | 卖（sell 过去式） |
| sole | 1 | 唯一的 |
| sound | 1 | 听起来；健全的 |
| space | 1 | 太空；空间 |
| sped | 1 | 加速（speed 过去式） |
| speed | 1 | 速度 |
| spend | 1 | 花费 |
| spews | 1 | 吐出（第三人称单数） |
| squeeze | 1 | 压榨 |
| squeezing | 1 | 压榨（动名词） |
| staged | 1 | 发动（过去分词） |
| states | 1 | 州（复数）；状态 |
| steal | 1 | 窃取 |
| step | 1 | 一步 |
| stockholm | 1 | 斯德哥尔摩 |
| stranglechold | 1 | （stranglehold 拼写错误）扼制 |
| strikes | 1 | 闪现（第三人称单数） |
| stumbling | 1 | 跌撞（动名词） |
| substantial | 1 | 大量的 |
| succeeding | 1 | 成功（动名词） |
| success | 1 | 成功 |
| successful | 1 | 成功的 |
| suggested | 1 | 提出（过去式） |
| suggests | 1 | 表明（第三人称单数） |
| summarize | 1 | 概括 |
| superficial | 1 | 肤浅的 |
| supervised | 1 | 受监督的 |
| supporters | 1 | 支持者（复数） |
| supposed | 1 | 被认为的 |
| sure | 1 | 确定的 |
| susceptible | 1 | 易受影响的 |
| swhen | 1 | （that's when 的 OCR 粘连）那时 |
| systemic | 1 | 系统性的 |
| talking | 1 | 谈论（动名词） |
| task | 1 | 任务 |
| tasks | 1 | 任务（复数） |
| tax | 1 | 税 |
| tcommunicate | 1 | （don't communicate 的 OCR 粘连）沟通 |
| technical | 1 | 技术的 |
| techniques | 1 | 技术（复数） |
| tell | 1 | 告诉；判断 |
| ten | 1 | 十 |
| tend | 1 | 倾向于 |
| tended | 1 | 往往（过去式） |
| text | 1 | 正文 |
| textbook | 1 | 教科书 |
| theft | 1 | 盗窃 |
| themselves | 1 | 他们自己 |
| theories | 1 | 理论（复数） |
| thinking | 1 | 思考 |
| thoughts | 1 | 思想（复数） |
| times | 1 | 时代；次数 |
| titans | 1 | 巨头（复数） |
| title | 1 | 头衔；标题 |
| tone | 1 | 语调 |
| tool | 1 | 工具 |
| tools | 1 | 工具（复数） |
| total | 1 | 总的 |
| towards | 1 | 朝向 |
| track | 1 | 追踪 |
| traders | 1 | 交易员（复数） |
| trained | 1 | 训练（过去分词） |
| transactions | 1 | 交易（复数） |
| transition | 1 | 转型 |
| translated | 1 | 转化（过去分词） |
| trick | 1 | 欺骗 |
| troubled | 1 | 使不安（过去式） |
| turing | 1 | 图灵 |
| turn | 1 | 转变；轮到 |
| types | 1 | 类型（复数） |
| typing | 1 | 打字 |
| understand | 1 | 理解 |
| understandings | 1 | 理解（复数） |
| undetected | 1 | 未被发现 |
| uniformly | 1 | 统一地 |
| united | 1 | 联合的 |
| universally | 1 | 普遍地 |
| university | 1 | 大学 |
| unusual | 1 | 不寻常的 |
| useful | 1 | 有用的 |
| users | 1 | 用户（复数） |
| uses | 1 | 使用（第三人称单数）；用途 |
| utilities | 1 | 公用事业（复数） |
| valid | 1 | 成立的 |
| valley | 1 | 山谷 |
| vastly | 1 | 大大地 |
| view | 1 | 观点；看待；景色 |
| viewing | 1 | 看待（动名词） |
| voice | 1 | 声音 |
| volume | 1 | 音量 |
| warranties | 1 | 保证（复数） |
| ways | 1 | 方式（复数） |
| weakness | 1 | 弱点 |
| week | 1 | 周 |
| weighed | 1 | 权衡（过去分词） |
| word | 1 | 单词 |
| work | 1 | 工作；起作用 |
| workmates | 1 | 同事（复数） |
| works | 1 | 作品（复数）；起作用 |
| worries | 1 | 担忧（复数） |
| worst | 1 | 最糟的 |
| writer | 1 | 写作者 |
| wrong | 1 | 错误的 |
| yield | 1 | 产量；产出 |
| youtube's | 1 | YouTube 的 |
二、本篇句型与固定表达
2.1 句型模板
| 结构 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| as … as | 3 | 像……一样 |
| tend to | 2 | 倾向于 |
| depend on | 2 | 取决于 |
| it is … that（强调句） | 1 | 正是…… |
| so … that | 1 | 如此……以至于 |
| such … that | 1 | 如此……以至于 |
| the more … the more | 1 | 越……越…… |
| lead to | 1 | 导致 |
| contribute to | 1 | 导致、促成 |
| refer to | 1 | 指代、提及 |
2.2 固定表达
| 短语 | 次数 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| in other words | 2 | 换言之 |
| rather than | 1 | 而不是 |
| as long as | 1 | 只要 |
| so far | 1 | 目前 |
| hold hostage | 1 | 挟持 |
| on the rise | 1 | 兴起 |
三、原文与译文
篇一｜价格体系有多复杂（101–105）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services.
译｜ 价格决定资源如何被使用。它也是把供应有限的产品和服务在买方之间进行配给的手段。美国的价格体系是一张极其复杂的网络，由经济中所有买卖产品的价格，以及无数服务（包括劳动力、专业运输和公用事业服务）的价格构成。
¶2
The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The prices of any particular product or service are linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.
译｜ 所有这些价格的相互关系，构成了价格的“体系”。任何特定产品或服务的价格，都连接着一个庞大而复杂的价格系统，其中一切似乎都或多或少地依赖其他一切。
¶3
If one were to ask a group of random individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.
译｜ 如果随便找一群人给“价格”下定义，许多人会回答：价格是买方为产品或服务付给卖方的金额；换句话说，价格是市场交易中买卖双方议定的产品或服务的货币价值。这个定义就其本身而言当然成立。但要完整理解任何一笔具体交易中的价格，必须知道的远不止金额。
¶4
Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, and the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
译｜ 买卖双方不仅应了解金额，还应了解：所交换产品或服务的数量与质量、交换与付款的时间和地点、使用的货币形式、适用于该交易的赊销条件与折扣、产品或服务的保证、交货条款、退货权利以及其他因素。换言之，买卖双方都应充分了解构成这笔“总包”的所有因素——这些因素共同换取所要求的金额，以便他们评估某一价格。
题目与答案
101. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ________.
A. labor and education B. transportation and insurance C. utilities and repairs D. products and services
答案 D｜题型：细节｜定位：¶1 “products and services… rationed among buyers”｜陷阱：价格体系主要关联“产品与服务”
102. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product. B. The quantity of a product. C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.
答案 A｜题型：细节·选非｜定位：¶4 列举项：数量、质量、时间地点、货币形式、信用条件、保证｜陷阱：原文没提“随产品附带的说明书”
103. In the last sentence of the passage, the word “they” refers to ________.
A. return privileges B. all the factors C. buyer and seller D. money
答案 C｜题型：指代（画线词）｜定位：¶4 “both buyer and seller should be fully aware… in order that they may evaluate”｜陷阱：指代最近的复数主体“买卖双方”
104. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ________.
A. unusual ways to advertise products B. types of payment plans for service C. theories about how products affect different levels of society D. how certain elements of price “package” influence its market value
答案 D｜题型：推断·下文｜定位：¶4 “the total package… evaluate a given price”｜陷阱：下文顺着“价格包要素”展开
105. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Inherent Weakness for the Price System B. The Complexities of the Price System C. Credit Terms in Transactions D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector
答案 B｜题型：主旨·标题｜定位：全文：价格体系复杂、相互关联｜陷阱：标题＝价格体系的复杂性
篇二｜无现金经济的利与弊（106–110）
原文 / 译文
¶1
For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. From buying food to settling bar tabs, day-to-day dealings involved creased paper or clinking bits of metal. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient — but it also poses new problems that could hold the transition hostage.
译｜ 过去三千年，人们想到钱就想到现金。从买食物到结酒吧账单，日常交易都离不开皱巴巴的纸币或叮当作响的金属硬币。然而过去十年，数字支付起飞了。如今这场革命即将让现金在一些富裕经济体成为濒危物种。这会让经济更高效——但也带来可能挟持这场转型的新问题。
¶2
In the main the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. When payments dematerialize, people and shops are less vulnerable to theft. Governments can keep closer tabs on fraud or tax evasion. Digitalization vastly expands the playground of small businesses and sole traders by enabling them to sell beyond their borders. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow. Yet set against these benefits are a bundle of worries. Electronic payment systems may be vulnerable to technical failures, power blackouts and cyber-attacks — this week Capital One, an American bank, became the latest firm to be hacked. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And eradicating cash, an anonymous payment method, for a digital system could let governments snoop on people's shopping habits and private titans exploit their personal data.
译｜ 总体而言，无现金经济的前景是好消息。当支付去物质化，人和店铺更不易遭窃；政府能更密切地监控欺诈与逃税；数字化让小企业和个体经营者能把生意做到境外，极大拓展了他们的舞台；它还创造信用记录，帮助消费者借款。然而与这些好处相对的是一堆担忧：电子支付系统可能遭遇技术故障、停电和网络攻击——本周美国银行 Capital One 就成了最新一家被黑的机构。在无现金经济中，穷人、老人和农村居民可能被落下。而消灭现金这一匿名支付方式、改用数字系统，可能让政府窥探人们的购物习惯，让私人巨头利用个人数据。
¶3
These problems have remedies. First, governments need to ensure that central banks' monopoly over coins and notes is not replaced by private monopolies over digital money. Rather than letting a few credit-card firms have a stranglehold on the electronic pipes for digital payments, governments must ensure the payments plumbing is open to a range of digital firms which can build services on top of it. They should urge banks to offer cheap, instant, bank-to-bank digital transfers between deposit accounts. Second, governments should maintain banks' obligation to keep customer information private, so that the plumbing remains anonymous. Digital firms that use this plumbing to offer services should be free to monetize transaction data, through, for example, advertising, so long as their business model is made explicit to users. Some customers will favor free services that track their purchases; others will want to pay to be left alone.
译｜ 这些问题有解。第一，政府要确保央行对纸币硬币的垄断不被私人对数字货币的垄断取代。与其让少数信用卡公司扼住数字支付的“电子管道”，政府必须确保支付管道向一系列数字公司开放，让它们在这之上搭建服务；还应敦促银行提供廉价、即时的账户间数字转账。第二，政府应维持银行保护客户信息隐私的义务，使支付管道保持匿名。利用该管道提供服务的数字公司，应可自由地将交易数据变现（例如通过广告），只要其商业模式对用户明示。有些顾客喜欢追踪其消费的免费服务，另一些则愿意付费换取不被追踪。
¶4
Last, the phase-out of cash should be gradual. For a period of ten years, banks should be obliged to accept and distribute cash in populated areas. This will buy governments time to help the poor open bank accounts, educate the elderly and beef up internet access in rural areas. The rush towards digital money is the result of spontaneous demand and innovation. To pocket all the rewards, governments need to prepare for the day when crumpled bank notes change hands for the last time.
译｜ 最后，现金的退出应当渐进。十年之内，银行应有义务在人口密集地区继续收付现金。这能为政府争取时间，帮助穷人开户、教育老人、加强农村互联网接入。涌向数字货币是自发需求与创新的结果。要收获全部好处，各国政府需要为皱巴巴的钞票最后一次易手的那一天做好准备。
题目与答案
106. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Cash has already become an endangered species in rich economies. B. Governments can tackle the problem of fraud by digitalization. C. Digital payments are rarely seen in recent years. D. Electronic payments will bring more efficiency to the economy.
答案 D｜题型：细节·推断｜定位：¶1 “make the economy more efficient”｜陷阱：A 的 already 与 about to 矛盾；C 与 taken off 矛盾
107. Capital One is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to illustrate ________.
A. digital payment systems are susceptible to network attacks B. American banks will become easier to hack C. a digital system could let private giants steal people's data D. country people will be affected in a cashless world
答案 A｜题型：例证目的｜定位：¶2 “vulnerable to… cyber-attacks — this week Capital One”｜陷阱：例子证明电子支付易受网络攻击
108. According to Paragraph 4, governments ought to ________.
A. let credit-card firms control the electronic pipes B. ensure that central banks' monopoly over digital money C. urge banks to offer cheap, instant, bank-to-bank digital transfers D. make sure the payments plumbing is open to all digital firms
答案 C｜题型：细节｜定位：¶3 “urge banks to offer cheap, instant, bank-to-bank digital transfers”｜陷阱：D 的 all 绝对化，原文是 a range of
109. Banks need to accept and distribute cash in populated areas because ________.
A. cash should be quickly phased out B. it will give governments time to help the poor C. it is the result of spontaneous demand D. it will promote digital innovation
答案 B｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶4 “buy governments time to help the poor”｜陷阱：保留现金是为政府争取时间
110. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the text?
A. How to phase out cash and to build up a cashless world. B. The pros and cons of digital payment and how to tackle its problems. C. The indispensable role of governments and banks in digital payment. D. The possibility of the private monopolies over digital money.
答案 B｜题型：主旨｜定位：¶2 利弊 ＋ ¶3–4 对策｜陷阱：主旨＝数字支付的利弊与应对
篇三｜职场监控：便利还是压迫（111–115）
原文 / 译文
¶1
Many oppose workplace surveillance, because of the inherent dehumanizing effect it has and the relentless pressure it brings. But it's on the rise around the world as firms look to become more efficient by squeezing more productivity from their workers. More than half of companies with over $750 million in annual revenue used “non-traditional” monitoring techniques on staff last year.
译｜ 许多人反对职场监控，因为它天生具有去人性化的效果、带来无情的压力。但它在全球兴起，因为公司想通过压榨员工更多产出以提高效率。去年，年收入超过 7.5 亿美元的公司中，超过一半对员工使用了“非传统”监控技术。
¶2
Monitoring employee performance gives firms the ability to assess how their staff are performing and interacting, which can be good for both the firm and employees themselves. A growing number of analytics companies offer this service. They gather “data exhaust” left by employees' email and instant messaging apps, and use name badges equipped with radio-frequency identification devices and microphones. These can check how much time you spend talking, your volume and tone of voice, even if you do not dominate conversations. While this may sound intrusive, exponents argue that it can also protect employees against bullying and sexual harassment.
译｜ 监控员工表现，让公司能评估员工的绩效与互动，这对公司和员工本身都可能是好事。越来越多的分析公司提供这项服务。它们收集员工电子邮件和即时通讯应用留下的“数据尾气”，并使用装有射频识别设备和麦克风的名牌。这些设备能测出你花多少时间说话、音量和语调，即使你在交谈中并不占主导。这听起来虽侵犯隐私，但支持者认为，它也能保护员工免受欺凌和性骚扰。
¶3
Some of this data analysis can produce unexpected results. For example, it was found that people who sat at 12-person lunch tables tended to interact, share ideas more and outperform those who regularly sat at four-person tables, a fact that would probably have gone undetected without such data analysis.
译｜ 这类数据分析有时会得出意外结果。例如，研究发现坐在 12 人午餐桌的人往往互动更多、更愿分享想法，表现也优于常坐 4 人桌的人——若没有这类数据分析，这一事实很可能不会被发现。
¶4
Over the last few years a Stockholm co-working space called Epicenter has gone much further and holds popular “chipping parties”, where people can have microchips implanted in their hands. They can use the implants to access electronically-controlled doors, or monitor how typing speed correlates with heart rate. Implanted chips may seem extreme, but it is a relatively small step from ID cards and biometrics to such devices. As long as such schemes are voluntary, there will probably be a growing number of convenience-oriented uses so that a substantial number of workers would opt to have a chip inserted. But if implanted chips are used to reduce slack time or rest breaks, that could prove to be detrimental. And if surveillance tools take away autonomy, that's when they prove most unpopular.
译｜ 过去几年，斯德哥尔摩一家名为 Epicenter 的共享办公空间走得更远，举办颇受欢迎的“植芯派对”，人们可以在手里植入微芯片。他们可用植入物开启电子门，或监测打字速度与心率的关系。植入芯片看似极端，但从身份证和生物识别到这类设备，只是相对小的一步。只要这类方案是自愿的，便利性用途大概会越来越多，相当一部分员工会选择植芯。但若植入芯片被用来压缩空闲时间或休息，就可能有害。而如果监控工具剥夺了自主权，那正是它们最不受欢迎的时候。
¶5
A lot depends on how such monitoring initiatives are communicated and this could prevent possible revolts being staged. If bosses don't communicate effectively, employees assume the worst. But if they're open about the information they're collecting and what they're doing with it, research suggests 46% of employees are generally okay with it. Although many such monitoring schemes use anonymised data and participation is voluntary, many staffers remain skeptical and fear an erosion of their civil liberties. So workplace surveillance could be empowering for staff and useful for companies looking to become more efficient and profitable. But implemented in the wrong way, it could also become an unpopular tool of oppression that proves counterproductive.
译｜ 很多事取决于这类监控举措如何沟通，这能防止可能发生的反抗。如果老板沟通不力，员工会往最坏处想。但若他们公开说明收集什么信息、用来做什么，研究表明 46% 的员工总体上可以接受。尽管许多监控方案使用匿名数据、参与自愿，许多员工仍持怀疑态度，担心公民自由被侵蚀。所以，职场监控对员工可能是赋权，对想提高效率与利润的公司可能有用；但若实施不当，也可能变成不受欢迎的压迫工具，适得其反。
题目与答案
111. Why are many people opposed to monitoring employee performance?
A. It puts workers under constant pressure. B. It is universally deemed anti-human by nature. C. It does both mental and physical harm to employees monitored. D. It enables firms to squeeze maximal productivity from employees.
答案 A｜题型：细节·原因｜定位：¶1 “relentless pressure it brings”｜陷阱：D 是公司目的，不是反对理由；B 的 universally 绝对化
112. What is the supporters' argument for workplace surveillance?
A. It enables employees to refrain from dominating conversations. B. It enhances employees' identification with firms they work in. C. It can alert employees to intrusion into their privacy. D. It can protect employees against aggressive behavior.
答案 D｜题型：细节·观点｜定位：¶2 “protect employees against bullying and sexual harassment”｜陷阱：支持者认为可防欺凌等攻击行为
113. What does the author want to show by the example of different numbers of people interacting at lunch tables?
A. Data analysis is key to the successful implementation of workplace surveillance. B. Analyzing data gathered from workers can yield something unexpected. C. More workmates sitting at a lunch table tend to facilitate interaction and idea sharing. D. It is hard to decide on how many people to sit at a lunch table without data analysis.
答案 B｜题型：例证目的｜定位：¶3 “a fact that would probably have gone undetected”｜陷阱：例子说明数据分析能发现意外结果
114. What does much of the positive effect of monitoring initiatives depend on?
A. How frequently employees are to be monitored. B. What specific personal information is being excluded. C. What steps are taken to minimize their detrimental impact. D. How well bosses make known their purpose of monitoring.
答案 D｜题型：细节·归纳｜定位：¶5 “depends on how such monitoring initiatives are communicated”｜陷阱：效果取决于沟通是否到位
115. What concern do monitoring initiatives cause among many staffers?
A. They may empower employers excessively. B. They may erode the workplace environment. C. They may infringe upon staffers' entitled freedom. D. They may become counterproductive in the long run.
答案 C｜题型：细节·担心｜定位：¶5 “fear an erosion of their civil liberties”｜陷阱：担心公民自由被侵蚀
篇四｜AI 的风险与人类的独特性（116–120）
原文 / 译文
¶1
“Progress in AI is something that will take a while to happen, but that doesn't make it science fiction,” said Stuart Russell, the University of California computing professor and co-author of the top AI textbook. The science of AI is a human enterprise that requires social limitations. The risks, however, are not being properly weighed.
译｜ “AI 的进展需要时间，但这不意味着它是科幻，”加州大学计算机教授、顶级 AI 教材合著者斯图尔特·拉塞尔说。AI 科学是人类的事业，需要社会约束。然而，其风险并未得到恰当权衡。
¶2
There are two emerging approaches to AI. The first is to view it in engineering terms, where algorithms are trained on specific tasks. The second presents deep philosophical questions about the nature of human knowledge. The former is very much pushed by Silicon Valley, where AI is deployed to get products quickly to market and problems dealt with later. This has led to AI “succeeding” even when the goals aren't socially acceptable and they are pursued with little accountability. The pitfalls of this approach are highlighted by the role YouTube's algorithm plays in radicalizing people, given that there is no public understanding of how it works. Prof. Russell argues, reasonably, for a system of checks where machines can pause and “ask” for human guidance, and for regulations to deal with systemic biases. The academic also backs global adoption of EU legislation that would ban impersonation of humans by machines.
译｜ AI 正浮现两条路径。第一条是从工程角度看待它：算法在特定任务上训练。第二条则提出关于人类知识本质的深层哲学问题。前者在硅谷被大力推动——AI 被用来把产品快速推向市场，问题以后再处理。这导致 AI 即使目标不被社会接受、执行中缺乏问责，也算“成功”。YouTube 算法在使人激进化中扮演的角色，凸显了这条路径的陷阱——公众根本不知道它如何运作。拉塞尔教授有理有据地主张建立制衡机制：机器可以暂停并“询问”人类指导；还主张用监管应对系统性偏见。他还支持全球采纳欧盟立法，禁止机器冒充人类。
¶3
Computers are getting closer to passing, in a superficial way, the Turing test — where machines attempt to trick people into believing they are communicating with other humans. Yet human knowledge is collective: to truly fool humans a computer would have to be able to grasp mutual understandings. OpenAI's GPT-3, probably the best non-human writer ever, cannot comprehend what it spews. When Oxford scientists put it — and similar AIs — to the test this year, they found the machines produced false answers to questions that “mimic popular misconceptions and have the potential to deceive”. It so troubled one of OpenAI's own researchers that no one knew how such language is being made that he left to set up an AI safety lab.
译｜ 计算机正以肤浅的方式接近通过图灵测试——机器试图让人相信自己是在与人交流。但人类知识是集体的：要真正骗过人类，计算机必须能把握相互理解。OpenAI 的 GPT-3 大概是有史以来最好的非人类写作者，却无法理解自己吐出的内容。今年牛津科学家对它及类似 AI 进行测试，发现机器会对“模仿流行误解、具有欺骗潜力”的问题给出错误答案。这让 OpenAI 自己的一位研究者深感不安——因为没人知道这种语言是如何生成的——他离职创办了一个 AI 安全实验室。
¶4
Some argue that AI can already produce new insights that humans have missed. But human intelligence is much more than an algorithm. Inspiration strikes when a brilliant thought arises that can't be explained as a logical consequence of preceding steps. Einstein's theory of general relativity cannot be derived from observations of that age — it was experimentally proven only decades later. Human beings can also learn a new task by being shown how to do it only a few times. Machines, so far, cannot. Currently, AI can be prompted — but not prompt itself — into action. Humans are stumbling into an era when the more powerful the AI system, the harder it is to explain its actions. How can we tell if a machine is acting on our behalf and not acting contrary to our interests? Such questions ought to give us all pause for thought.
译｜ 有人主张 AI 已能产生人类错过的新洞见。但人类智能远不止算法。灵感闪现时，那个绝妙想法无法被解释为前序步骤的逻辑结果。爱因斯坦的广义相对论无法从当时的观测推导出来——它直到几十年后才被实验证实。人类还能只看几次示范就学会新任务，机器至今做不到。目前，AI 可以被提示——但不能自我提示——才行动。人类正跌跌撞撞进入一个时代：AI 系统越强大，其行为越难解释。我们如何判断机器是在为我们行事，而不是违背我们的利益？这样的问题应当让我们所有人停下来想一想。
题目与答案
116. According to Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2, Stuart Russell ________.
A. suggested social control on AI B. denied the imminence of AI progress C. praised AI science for its great success D. had a low opinion of AI for its potential risks
答案 A｜题型：细节·观点｜定位：¶1 “requires social limitations”｜陷阱：拉塞尔主张社会约束，不是否认进展
117. The approach of viewing AI in engineering terms has ________.
A. questioned the nature of human knowledge B. contributed to socially irresponsible algorithms C. prevented the algorithmic radicalization D. sped up the market entry of quality products
答案 B｜题型：细节·推断｜定位：¶2 “succeeding even when goals aren't socially acceptable… little accountability”｜陷阱：工程化路径导致不负责任的算法
118. According to Prof. Russell, machines ________.
A. should be banned from pretending to be humans B. are especially helpful to counter social biases C. might get uniformly regulated at a global scale D. are not supposed to be supervised by humans
答案 A｜题型：细节·观点｜定位：¶2 “ban impersonation of humans by machines”｜陷阱：他主张禁止机器冒充人类
119. What does the author say about OpenAI's GPT-3?
A. Its language is impossible to understand. B. It is non-human but can truly fool humans. C. Its programming is based on misconceptions. D. It is intelligent but cannot comprehend words.
答案 D｜题型：细节·判断｜定位：¶3 “cannot comprehend what it spews”｜陷阱：GPT-3 能写但不理解
120. Einstein's theory of general relativity is mentioned to show that ________.
A. AI-produced insights can be complementary to human thoughts B. machines are comparable to humans in terms of logical thinking C. human intelligence can hardly be translated into an algorithm D. brilliant scientific ideas always come way ahead of their time
答案 C｜题型：例证目的｜定位：¶4 “cannot be derived from observations… only decades later”｜陷阱：例子说明人类智能难以转成算法